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Does Siddhartha’s detachment prevent him from really experiencing the sensual world?

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“Amongst the People”

Does Siddhartha’s detachment prevent him from really experiencing the sensual world?

A Journey and Not a Game

“Siddhartha regarded it all as a game, the rules of which he
endeavored to learn well but did not stir his heart” (Hesse 58).
(A direct quote from the text). This passage from the “Amongst
the People,” illustrates Siddhartha’s… (State the claim). There
are several reasons that support this assertion. First, Siddhartha
is… (Reason). When an individual… (Explanation). What
Siddhartha is experiencing is illustrated in Buddhist philosophy,
“(A direct quote from a credible secondary source)” (O’Brien).
This explains… (An explanation of how the secondary source
supports the assertion).  Also, he is… (Reason). A person must
realize… (Explanation). Furthermore, Siddhartha is… (Reason).
He needs to understand… (Explanation). Therefore, he…
(Restate the claim).

Work Cited

Hesse, Hermann. Siddhartha. Trans. Hilda Rosner. New York: New Direction Publishing Corporation.

  1. Print.

O’Brien, Barbara. “The Four Noble Truths”. About Religion. n.d. About, 2015. Web. 19 March 2015.

 

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What if companies could measure how many products, they have sold based on how much investment they have made on social media?

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FINAL ARTICLE PROPOSAL: MEASURING ROI ON SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING 1
Measuring ROI on Social Media Marketing
Yasene Jesernik
Horizons University

FINAL ARTICLE PROPOSAL: MEASURING ROI ON SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING 2
Measuring ROI on Social Media Marketing
Social media platforms have impacted marketing in various ways. There is a lot of
competition from multiple marketers using different forms of social media. To find out the
effectiveness of social media, marketers should assess the ROI of social media used in
marketing. ROI is an acronym that stands for return on investment. It, therefore, shows the
return that an individual expects after investing various resources using social media to
achieve customer satisfaction, brand awareness, and increased revenues. Various
organizations engage in the activity of measuring their return on investment to secure their
budget. It also helps these organizations to find out if their social media practices are
effective or not. It also enables an organization to understand its audience better.
Finance uses the following formula to calculate ROI, ROI = (benefits from an
investment – the amount invested)/amount invested (Cronin, 2014). Although this formula
helps to calculate the ROI in finance, there are differences when calculating social media
ROI. The differences occur due to the use of different metrics of measurement. For example,
an organization can use the level it has reached its target audience in measuring its return on
investment. It may be challenging to use profit in such a scenario and therefore requires other
strategies of measurement. When one is not sure of the metrics to use for analysis, it is
necessary to find out what happened when you launched a specific campaign in the market.
To effectively measure social media ROI, there are various essential steps that any
marketing organization or individual must look into. The first step involves setting clear
objectives. Some of the objectives should be based on aspects such as experiences with
customers, level of brand awareness, and how to mitigate issues of security in case they arise
(Buhalis & Mamalakis, 2015). Social media marketing objectives must be in line with the
goals of various departments in an organization. Although social media can create brand
FINAL ARTICLE PROPOSAL: MEASURING ROI ON SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING 3
awareness, it may not always be sufficient. For this reason, it is essential to have clear
objectives.
The second step is to set goals and show how and when the organization will achieve
those goals. It would be appropriate to use the SMART strategy to set goals. An example of a
smart goal in social media is to increase the online response time by 15 minutes at the end of
the first year of operation. The third step would be keeping track of the performance metrics
(Michopoulou & Moisa, 2019). It is necessary to have the parameters that one will use in
measuring social media ROI. Follow up on the set metrics and find out if they are on the right
track of performance or if there is something that may require a change. The last step is to
find out the cost that one will incur while using social media. To find out the cost, an
individual or organization should look at the cost of tools, the budget set aside, the cost of
creating specific content, and the time employees take while on social media.
While measuring ROI for social media marketing, it is also critical to look at the
various tools. Some of the tools include the calculator, which helps one in calculating the
return on social media investment. Other essential tools include the Google Analytics tool,
Facebook pixel, and UTM parameters. When reporting ROI on social media, one should use
templates that have a plain language with a specific time frame for reporting.
What KPIs are you most interested in researching?
While the benefits of using Social media in consumer engagement have been established at
face value, there still exists a gap when it comes to measuring the impact or results of engaging
with consumers through social media (Aluri, Slevitch & Larzelere, 2015; Gill, Sridhar &
Grewal, 2017). This point is where the concept of Return on Engagement (ROE) comes in.
There has been comprehensive research on the usage of social media from a business
perspective, research efforts on return on investment have not fully taken off since measuring
FINAL ARTICLE PROPOSAL: MEASURING ROI ON SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING 4
the Return of Engagement is a new concept for social media marketing and is being fronted as
the ideal performance metric that could measure positive results of consumer interaction
through social media. As such the KPI’s that I am interested in researching are:
a. Engagement rate by reach (ERR) = total engagements per post / reach per
post * 100
b. Engagement rate by posts (ER post) = Total engagements on a post / Total
follower *100
c. Engagement rate by impressions (ER impressions) = Total engagements on
a post / Total impression *100
d. Daily engagement rate (Daily ER) Daily ER = Total engagements in a day /
Total follower *100
e. Engagement rate by views (ER views) = Total engagements on video post /
Total video views *100
f. Factored Engagement Rate = Comment-weighted ER = (Total comments x 2)
+ all other engagements / Reach per post *100
What is it you want to know about KPIs with regard to a particular industry, product,
demographic group, type of marketing message, etc.?
Social Media Marketing is present in all aspects of our lives. As managers are utilizing more
social networks and blogs as part of the company’s marketing communications. As such, it is
clear that companies would like to know if their Investments in Social Media marketing are
yielding positive results. Therefore, when calculating the Return on Investment, a company
has to consider all possible ways that the social media may benefit it (Miller, 2015-2016). The
ROI therefore indicates how many euros profit will jump out on a Euro capital investment.
FINAL ARTICLE PROPOSAL: MEASURING ROI ON SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING 5
However, there’s no standard metric for calculating “Investment Engagement Sale”. Current
metrics do not take frequent fluctuation of likes, shares, comments, views and other
inconsistency in factor. Social media is a fast-paced environment where users have the
opportunity to change their opinions within seconds. As such, it is currently difficult for
companies to use current methods and metrics to measure the ROE as current ROE formulas
do not take the above factors into enough consideration.
What if there was one formula that companies could use to calculate the investment
engagement on product. What if companies could measure how many products, they have sold
based on how much investment they have made on social media? Can you give me an idea of
what your overall research question will be? Finish the following sentence, then write a
paragraph or about proposed methodology. How will you collect data in order to answer the
question?
“The purpose of this study will be to create an effective way of measuring social media
performance as social ROE (return on engagement) or optimizing the current
measurement of social media performance as social ROE (return on engagement)”.
In 2017, Influencer Marketing dominated the marketing industry, reaching beyond
even distribution in daily and business media. Not everyone is convinced about the “Power of
Influencers”. While half of the marketing executives consider Instagrammer, Youtuber and
Blogger as the new brand ambassadors, the other half doubt the measurability of the results.
And not altogether wrongly: Especially in the transparency of the costs and in the success
control generally valid industry standards are missing. Many ponder: “What metrics are
employed, and which are relevant?”
The use of fake followers and bots is in order to attain more engagement, clicks and
conversions is currently seen and displayed as a huge problem in the social media marketing
industry. The usage of using fake followers and bots has grown. Ninety four percent (94%)
FINAL ARTICLE PROPOSAL: MEASURING ROI ON SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING 6
of marketers currently believe that in future transparency and authenticity will be the key to
the success of the influencer. Nonetheless, because of this manipulation in the social media
marketing industry, the FTC guidelines call for a more transparent cooperation between
influencers and brands and, for example, the labeling of sponsored news in the social
networks. According to a report by the search engine Influencer DB, On Instagram alone are
currently on more than 558,000 influencers, who have more than 15,000 followers. Eighty
one percent (81%) of all influencers are so-called micro-influencers with 15,000 to 100,000
followers and influencers with more than five million followers make up one percent (1%) of
all influence users on the net.
The revenue potential for companies that focus on influencer marketing is huge. For
example, 22 percent of 18- to 34-year-olds made a purchase after seeing an online influencer
associated with a particular product. And half of the 25- to 34-year-old users from a survey of
1,200 consumers who viewed influencer content or who communicated with influencers via
Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and / or Instagram believe that influencer communication is
authentic and genuine is (Source: Marketingcharts.com 2018).
In a competitive world, every company wants to be number one or among the top ten.
Therefore, it was only a matter of time that companies discovered Social media platforms and
influencer marketing for themselves. It’s time-consuming and labor-intensive to build quality
reach on social media channels. Those who want to assert themselves on the platforms need a
lot of dedication and patience to win a solid number of followers for their own appearances.
However, there are many companies that want their brand and image to be dominated and
presented everywhere. Some of these companies therefore utilize services from other
companies that specialize in growing Social media pages of companies. No patience? No
problem! You can finally buy followers. That’s easy. The network is teeming with offers:
1000 Followers on Instagram are already available for less than ten euros. But beware: A
FINAL ARTICLE PROPOSAL: MEASURING ROI ON SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING 7
purchase would be the quick way, but not the right one. Because such a procedure has for all
parties involved – influencers, advertisers, social media platforms – in the long term only
disadvantages.
When compiling this Dissertation Topic, I could not find any Literature, Research or
study that measured the metrics of bought social media services such as likes, comments and
followers and the effects that such services have on a business, a celebrity or an average
person. It does not mean that because something is ineffective for Businesses that it has to be
ineffective for other organizations or individuals. In order to truly measure the return of
investment in social media marketing, all areas and entities of social media must be taken into
consideration. It is argued that fake followers sell nothing but an empty promise. And as such
companies are advised to invest in quality over quantity. However, if we take in
consideration the latest controversy in the United States Presidential Election with regards to
fake news. From a scientific perspective, one could argue that widespread fake news on
various social media platforms played a vital role in the influencing of voters. Thus, in the
election of a President of the most powerful country in the world. Therefore, this research
will tackle and find metrics to measure the ROI for Social media Marketing as it relates to
organic and bought services. As such, I will dedicate my research not only to explore the
relevance of return on investment as a social media engagement metric but also to develop a
Formula that will calculate the ROI for bought social media services.
How will I collect data in order to answer the questions?
There are four major classifications of research designs. These include observational
research, correlational research, true experiments, and quasi-experiments. Each of these will
be discussed further below.
FINAL ARTICLE PROPOSAL: MEASURING ROI ON SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING 8
Observational research: Often times, the studies are qualitative in nature. My Social Media case study will
entail extensive notes based on observations of and interviews with various Social Media
Stakeholders such as: Influences, Customers, Marketers etc. A detailed report with analysis
will be written and reported constituting the study of my individual case. These studies
may also be qualitative in nature or include qualitative components in the research.
True Experiments A true experiment is defined as an experiment conducted where an effort is made to
impose control over all other variables except the one under study. To understand the nature
of the experiment, I must first define a few terms:
1. Experimental or treatment group – this is the group is comprises organic social media
users e.g. users that freely follow, like and share posts and information on social media.
that receives the case studies that are different from the control group: Bought Social
Media Services e.g. both followers, fans & likes on the variable under study.
2. Control group: Bought Social Media Services – this group is used to produce
comparisons. The treatment of interest is deliberately withheld or manipulated to provide
a baseline performance with which to compare the experimental or treatment group’s
performance.
3. Independent variable – this is the variable that the I will use to manipulate the study. It can
be any aspect of the environment that is empirically investigated e.g. buying social media
services, for the purpose of examining its influence on the dependent variable.
4. Dependent variable – In comparison to the Independent variable, I will not does not
control this variable.
5. Random assignment – in a study, each subject has an equal probability of being selected
for either the treatment or control group.
FINAL ARTICLE PROPOSAL: MEASURING ROI ON SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING 9
6. Double blind – neither the subject nor the experimenter knows whether the subject is in
the treatment of the control condition.
As stated previously, the control group will provide us with a baseline for
comparison. All subjects should be randomly assigned to groups, be tested a
simultaneously as possible, and the experiment should be conducted double blind. Perhaps
an example will help clarify these points. Wolfer and Visintainer (1975) examined the
effects of systematic preparation and support on children who were scheduled for inpatient
minor surgery. The hypothesis was that such preparation would reduce the amount of
psychological upset and increase the amount of cooperation among thee young patients.
Eighty children were selected to participate in the study. Children were randomly assigned
to either the treatment or the control condition. Wolfer and Visintainer (1975) examined the
effects of systematic preparation and support on children who were scheduled for inpatient
minor surgery. The hypothesis was that such preparation would reduce the amount of
psychological upset and increase the amount of cooperation among thee young patients.
Eighty children were selected to participate in the study. Children were randomly assigned
to either the treatment or the control condition.

FINAL ARTICLE PROPOSAL: MEASURING ROI ON SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING 10
References
Buhalis, D., & Mamalakis, E. (2015). Social media return on investment and performance
evaluation in the hotel industry context. Information and communication technologies
in Tourism 2015 (pp. 241-253). Springer, Cham.
Cronin, J. J. (2014). Teaching ROI analysis in an era of social media. Journal of Advertising
Education, 18(2), 28-35.
Michopoulou, E., & Moisa, D. G. (2019). Hotel social media metrics: The ROI dilemma.
International Journal of Hospitality Management, 76, 308-315.

Why is ‘secularisation theory’ a contested idea? What is the value of secularisation theory today?

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Church and Society Reading Lists for Essays 2018-19
MIN020X304A
The assessment for this module is as follows:
• 1000-word observation exercise (Summative: 25%). Conduct an observation exercise to identify the beliefs embedded in your congregation’s corporate practice of public worship. Alternatively, you can identify the convictions or persistent beliefs embedded in the corporate practice of worship of a congregation other than the one you normally attend. Base the paper on your observation of one service of public worship that you attend. Submit your observation exercise electronically via Moodle no later than 2.00 p.m. on Friday 21st February 2020. • Ammerman, N., Carroll, J., Dudley, C. & McKinney, W. (1998) Studying Congregations: A New Handbook. Nashville: Abingdon Press. • Cameron, H., Richter, P., Davies, D. & Ward, F. (2005) Studying Local Churches: A Handbook. London: SCM Press. • Cartledge, M. (2010) Testimony in the Spirit: Rescripting Ordinary Pentecostal Theology. Farnham: Ashgate. • Cartledge, M. (2012) Practical Theology: Charismatic and Empirical Perspectives. Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock. • Ellis, C. (2004) Gathering: A Theology and Spirituality of Worship in the Free Church Tradition. London: SCM Press. • Ellis, C. (2009), Approaching God: A Guide for Worship Leaders and Worshippers. Norwich: Canterbury Press. • Gateshill, P. & Thompson, J. (2000) Visiting Places of Worship. London: Hodder & Stoughton. • Parry, R. (2012) Worshipping Trinity: Coming Back to the Heart of Worship. (2nd edn.) Eugene, OR: Cascade Books. • Steven, J. (2002) Worship in the Spirit: Charismatic Worship in the Church of England. Milton Keynes/Colorado Springs: Paternoster. • Stringer, M. (1999) On the Perception of Worship: The Ethnography of Worship in Four Congregations in Manchester. Birmingham: Birmingham University Press. • Stringer, M. (2005), A Sociological History of Christian Worship. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. • Ward, P. (2005) Selling Worship: How What We Sing Has Changed the Church. Carlisle: Paternoster. • Webber, R. (1994) Worship: Old and New. (rev. edn.) Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan.
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• 3000-word essay (Summative: 75%). Submit your essay electronically via Turnitin no later than 2.00 p.m. on Friday 17th April 2020. Choose One of the Following:
1. Community Profile: Conduct an audit of the neighbourhood where your congregation meets to identify its main features and the challenges and opportunities it presents to Christian mission. In the light of your findings, what approach to mission in the local community do you think best suits your congregation in the next five years? • Ammerman, N. (1997) Congregations and Community. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press. • Ammerman, N., Carroll, J., Dudley, C. & McKinney, W. (1998) Studying Congregations: A New Handbook. Nashville: Abingdon Press. • Ammerman, N. (2005) Pillars of Faith: American Congregations and their Partners. Berkley and London: University of California Press. • Cameron, H., Richter, P., Davies, D. & Ward, F. (2005) Studying Local Churches: A Handbook. London: SCM Press. • Guest, M., Tusting, K. & Woodhead, L. (2004) Congregational Studies in the UK: Christianity in a Post-Christian Context. Farnham: Ashgate. • Farnsley II, A. (2000) ‘Congregations, Local Knowledge, and Devolution’ Review of Religious Research 42 (1), 96-110. • Miller, D. (2007) Global Pentecostalism: The New Face of Social Engagement. Berkley/London: University of California Press.
2. Why is ‘secularisation theory’ a contested idea? What is the value of secularisation theory today? • Beckford, J. (2003) Social Theory and Religion. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. • Berger, P. (1998) ’Protestantism and the Quest for Certainty’ The Christian Century 115 (23), 782-796. (See Moodle) • Berger, P. (2014) The Many Altars of Modernity. New York: De Gruyter. • Berger, P., Davie, G. & Fokas, E. (2008) Religious America, Secular Europe? A Theme and Variations, Farnham: Ashgate. • Brown, C. (2009) The Death of Christian Britain: Understanding Secularisation 1800-2000. London: Routledge. • Bruce, S. (2002) God is Dead: Secularization in the West. Oxford: Blackwell. • Davie, G, (2015) Religion in Modern Britain: A Persistent Paradox. Chichester: Wiley Blackwell. • Ward, K. (2013) Losing Our Religion? Changing Patterns of Believing and Belonging in Secular Western Societies. Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock. • Warner, R. (2010) Secularization and its Discontents. London: Continuum.
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3. Identify and discuss the human dynamics that make leading a multiethnic congregation in the United Kingdom such a challenging task. • Adedibu, B. (2013) ‘Faith without Borders: Maximising the Missionary Potential of Britain’s Black Majority Churches’ Journal of Missional Practice (2). Available at: https://journalofmissionalpractice.com/author/babatundeadedibu/#. • Beckford, R. (2014), Documentary as Exorcism: Resisting the Bewitchment of Colonial Christianity. London: Bloomsbury. • DiAngelo, R. (2012) What Does it Mean to be White? Developing White Racial Literacy. New York: Peter Lang. • Eddo-Lodge, R. Why I’m No Longer Talking to White People about Race. London: Bloomsbury Circus. • Marti, G. (2005) A Mosaic of Believers: Diversity and Innovation in a Multi-Ethnic Church. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. • Patten, M. (2016) Leading a Multicultural Church. London: SPCK. • Reddie, A. (2009) Is God Colour Blind? Insights from Black Theology for Christian Ministry. London: SPCK. • Shannahan, C. (2010) Voices from the Borderland: Re-Imagining Cross-Cultural Urban Theology in the Twenty-First Century. London: Equinox.
4. Is America more religious and Europe more secular? Discuss. • Beckford, J. (2003) Social Theory and Religion. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. • Berger, P. (1998) ’Protestantism and the Quest for Certainty’ The Christian Century 115 (23), 782-796. (See Moodle) • Berger, P. (2014) The Many Altars of Modernity. New York: De Gruyter. • Berger, P., Davie, G. & Fokas, E. (2008) Religious America, Secular Europe? A Theme and Variations. Farnham: Ashgate. • Casanova, J. (1994) Public Religions in the Modern World. Chicago/London: University of Chicago Press. • Davie, G. (2000) Religion in Modern Europe: A Memory Mutates. Oxford: Oxford University Press. • Davie, G. (2002) Europe: The Exceptional Case: Parameters of Faith in the Modern World. London: Darton, Longman & Todd. • Davie, G. (2015) Religion in Modern Britain: A Persistent Paradox. Chichester: Wiley Blackwell.
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5. What has sociology to do with theology? Are these academic disciplines inimical to each other or can they enter into creative dialogue in the service of mission? • Beckford, J. (2003) Social Theory and Religion. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. • Berger, P. (1969)The Social Reality of Religion. London: Faber and Faber. • Berger, P. (1970) A Rumour of Angels: Modern Society and the Rediscovery of the Supernatural. (rev. edn.) Garden City: Anchor Books. • Gill, R. (1994) A Vision for Growth: Why Your Church Doesn’t have to be a Pelican in the Wilderness. London: SPCK. • Gill, R. (1996) Theology and Sociology: A Reader. (new. ed.) London: Cassell. • Gill, R. (2003) The Myth of the Empty Church Revisited. Farnham: Ashgate. • Gill, R. (2012)Theology in a Social Context: Sociological Theology (vol. 1) Farnham: Ashgate. • MacLaren, D. (2012) Mission Implausible: Restoring Credibility to the Church. Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock. • Willis, E. (1995) The Sociological Quest: An Introduction to the Study of Social Life. (2nd edn.) St Leonards, NSW: Allen and Unwin.
6. What challenges and opportunities do whiteness, race, and ethnicity pose to Christian mission in 21st century United Kingdom? • Adedibu, B. (2012) Coat of Many Colours: The Origin, Growth, Distinctiveness and Contributions of Black Majority Churches to British Christianity. Blackpool: Wisdom Summit. • Berger-Schmitt, R. (2000) Social Cohesion as an Aspect of the Quality of Societies: Concept and Measurement (EU Reporting Paper No. 14). Mannheim: Centre for Survey Research and Methodology. • Leech, K. (1988) Struggle in Babylon: Racism in the Cities and Churches of Britain. London: Sheldon Press. • Parekh, B. (2000) The Future of Multi-ethnic Britain: Report of the Commission on the Future of Multi-Ethnic Britain. London: Profile Books. • Reddie, A. (2009) Is God Colour Blind? Insights from Black Theology for Christian Ministry. London: SPCK. • Shannahan, C. (2010) Voices from the Borderland: Re-Imagining Cross-Cultural Urban Theology in the Twenty-First Century. London: Equinox. • Sturge, M. (2005) See What the Lord has Done! An Exploration of Black Christian Faith in Britain. Milton Keynes: Scripture Union.
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7. Are the beliefs and practices of Christians in their daily lives worthy of the attention of Academic Theology and Christian ministers? Discuss. • Ammerman, N. (2007) Everyday Religion: Observing Modern Religious Lives. Oxford: Oxford University Press. • Ammerman, N. (2013) Sacred Stories, Spiritual Lives: Finding Religion in Everyday Life. New York: Oxford University Press. • Astley, J. (2002) Ordinary Theology: Looking, Listening and Learning in Theology. Aldershot: Ashgate. • Christie, A. (2012) Ordinary Christology: Who Do You Say I Am? Answers from the Pews. Farnham: Ashgate. • Heelas, P. & Woodhead, L. (2005) The Spiritual Revolution: Why Religion is Giving Way to Spirituality. Oxford: Blackwell. • Hopewell, J. (1987) Congregation: Stories and Structures. Philadelphia: Fortress Press. • Hummel, L., Moschella, M. & Frances, J. (eds.) (2010) Pastoral Bearings: Lived Religion and Pastoral Theology. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books. • McGuire, M. (2008) Lived Religion: Faith and Practice in Everyday Life. Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press.

Women, the State and the Economy: Does Brexit have implications for women?

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Gender At Work
2,500 (+/-10%) Word Essay
Select ONE essay question ONLY 1. Gender, Intersectionality and Organisational practices: With examples from the literature, discuss how an intersectional approach can contribute to our understanding of the workplace experiences of ethnic minority women?
Key readings: • Healy, G., H. Bradley, et al. (2011). “Intersectional Sensibilities in Analysing Inequality Regimes in Public Sector Organizations.” Gender, Work & Organization 18(5): 467-487.
• Booysen, L. A. E. and S. M. Nkomo (2010). “Gender role stereotypes and requisite management characteristics: The case of South Africa.” Gender in Management: An International Journal 25(4): 285 – 300.
2. Men and masculinities: Drawing on key readings, critically examine the value of the concept of the glass escalator for understanding men’s experience in predominantly female occupations. Key readings: • Simpson, R. (2004), “Masculinity at Work: The Experiences of Men in Female Dominated Occupations”, Work, Employment & Society 18(2): 349-368. • Williams, C. L. (2013), “The Glass Escalator, Revisited: Gender Inequality in Neoliberal Times”, Gender & Society 27(5): 609-629.
3. Sexuality at work: Drawing on key readings, critically examine how gender intersects with sexuality in women’s experience of male-dominated work and men’s experience of female dominated work. Key readings: • Lupton, B. (2006). Explaining Men’s Entry into Female-Concentrated Occupations: Issues of Masculinity and Social Class. Gender, Work & Organization 13(2): 103-128.
• Wright, T. (2016) Gender and Sexuality in Male-Dominated Occupations: Women Working in Construction and Transport, Chapter 5. Workplace interactions in male dominated organisations. (Available as Ebook).

4. Women, the State and the Economy: Does Brexit have implications for women? Critically examine this question drawing on scholarly views regarding the pursuit of a politics of austerity in Britain. • Key readings: MacLeavy, J. (2018). Women, equality and the UK’s EU referendum: locating the gender political of Brexit in relation to the neoliberalising state. Space and Polity. Issue 2: Brexit Geographies: 205-223. • Perrons, D. (2015). Gendering the inequality debate. Gender & Development. 32(2): 207222.

Have you ever thought about the CO2 that was emitted in the production of the car? How far were the materials and components transported?

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2020-02-24 How much carbon dioxide is actually in your products? | GreenBiz
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Rocky Mountain Institute How much carbon dioxide is actually in your products? Paolo Natali, Suzanne Greene and Perrine Toledano Thursday, August 8, 2019 – 12:12am
2020-02-24 How much carbon dioxide is actually in your products? | GreenBiz
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ShutterstockGreenBiz Collage
Imagine driving your brand-new electric vehicle along Main Street on a weekday evening. Sleek and silent, you are the envy of the entire town. You know that the carbon dioxide directly emitted from the engine is nil: that was the whole point of buying the thing, wasn’t it? Going a little further — as you are an environmentally conscious owner — you didn’t find it difficult to figure out, and abate, the climate impact of the electricity you used to charge the car: Your local utility offers a green tariff so that you can buy low-carbon electricity. At this point, you might think that your job of reducing the carbon footprint of your car is pretty much complete. But have you ever thought about the CO2 that was emitted in the production of the car? How far were the materials and components transported? Was the lithium in the batteries extracted in a high-altitude Chilean desert or in a remote part of China? Was the copper in the wires mined in Arizona or in Africa? Was the iron ore for the steel extracted in Australia and then processed in China, or was the steel made from recycled scrap metal? It’s very likely that you can’t answer any of these questions; the embedded carbon content of any product is largely unknown to the final consumer. Very few consumers are aware of the carbon that has been generated in the production and delivery of products and, as a consequence, virtually nobody takes action to abate these emissions. This is a problem because only 9 percent of carbon emissions come from passenger fuels and 25 percent come from the generation of electricity, while 40 percent of emissions come from the production and delivery of commodities in industrial value chains (31.5 percent from the industrial activities themselves, and 8.5 percent from freight and transport). Have you ever thought about the CO2 that was emitted in the production of the car? How far were the materials and components transported? What’s the direct consequence for your electric vehicle? The truth is that the accumulated carbon footprint of materials in a newly bought gasolinefueled car is the same order of magnitude as the footprint of its lifetime fuel consumption — so by buying an electric vehicle and securing green electricity, you are only part of the way through abating your car’s total carbon footprint. What can we do to change this? Because what is out of sight is often out of mind, the first step is to calculate and communicate the CO2 emissions that are embedded in produced goods. Until people know the CO2 footprint of the products they’re using, it will be impossible for them to demand lower-carbon goods. On the bright side, something already has begun moving: because end-customers are beginning to demand “cleaner” products, companies are starting to develop joint strategies to reduce carbon emissions in coordination with their supply chain partners. For instance, Apple signed an agreement with Alcoa and Rio Tinto to reduce the carbon content of the aluminum in its products. BMW teamed up with Codelco to reduce the environmental footprint of copper, a key input for its electric vehicle fleet. And there is an expectation that green procurement guidelines from the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, as well as from the European Union and U.S.-based initiatives such as the Buy Clean Alliance and the Buy Clean California Act will reward tender proposals that have lower emissions along their supply chains. Shareholders, institutional investors and project finance lenders are increasingly tracking carbon emissions as they scrutinize climate risks in their portfolios. At the same time, another force is driving materials producers to lower their carbon impact: Shareholders, institutional investors and project finance lenders are increasingly tracking carbon emissions as they scrutinize climate risks in their portfolios. In the United States, climate change in 2018 again topped the list of environmental, social and sustainability resolutions taken. In the United Kingdom, the “Aiming for A” coalition submitted climate change resolutions at the annual meetings of Anglo American, Rio Tinto and Glencore to increase transparency of how the companies deal with climate change risks. All the resolutions successfully passed with more than 96 percent of the votes. Is apples-to-apples CO2 comparison possible in the complex minerals sector? While climate disclosure in the minerals sector is increasing, it remains a challenge to compare CO2 emissions across companies and supply chains. This is mainly due to two factors: the sheer complexity of the sector and the lack of a universal calculation framework. Broadly speaking, minerals can be metals or nonmetals, and metals can be ferrous or nonferrous. This leads to a natural division of the sector into three industries. However, there is a wide disparity among these three, as well as among materials within the same industry, in terms of volumes produced, energy used and CO2 emitted: Some industrial practices are more energy-intensive than others; some processes are orders of magnitude larger, and/or more intensive, than others.
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This story first appeared on: RMI Topics:  Circular Economy Advanced Materials Consumer Products Tags:  Mining
To complicate things further, the correlation between energy use and emissions is sometimes an oversimplification because of significant nonenergy process emissions, such as those in steel and cement. Because of this imbalance, it is not easy to compare intensity and absolute emissions across the board. At this time, there is no methodology providing specific guidance for carbon accounting in the minerals sector, leading to uncertainty for those seeking to use these metrics for their own sustainability strategies; product carbon footprints; science-based targets; environmental, social and governance indexes; or other purposes. While climate disclosure in the minerals sector is increasing, it remains a challenge to compare CO2 emissions across companies and supply chains. Over the past decade, there has been a proliferation of carbon accounting tools and methodologies that provide a roadmap for the minerals sector. These methods have been mostly developed on a voluntary basis and either financed by the reporting parties themselves, or developed from the ground up by nonprofit efforts in specific sectors. For example, the Greenhouse Gas Protocol offers a widely accepted overarching framework that distinguishes among a company’s direct fuel emissions (Scope 1), its emissions from purchased electricity (Scope 2), and the total emissions along its value chain from the manufacture and delivery of its products to their eventual disposal or recycling (Scope 3). However, the Greenhouse Gas Protocol’s high-level accounting practices make effective parameter specification difficult and allow room for interpretation that can impede comparisons. This has led to a set of sector-specific carbon accounting initiatives that are not always connected across value chains. The situation is further complicated by various reporting platforms, (the Carbon Disclosure Project [CDP], the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures [TCFD], the Principles for Responsible Investment [PRI], and the Global Reporting Initiative [GRI]), which have their own accounting principles that may or may not be aligned with the other methods. This complexity has hampered the consolidation of a standard framework for reporting carbon emissions. Such a framework one day might become commonly adopted, for example, via inclusion in International Accounting Standards Board/Financial Accounting Standards Board standards and, eventually, in an eco-label clearly stating a product’s carbon footprint. Toward a calculation framework for minerals The MIT Sustainable Supply Chains initiative, Columbia Center for Sustainable Investment, and Rocky Mountain Institute’s Materials initiative have formed a working group to engage minerals producers, end users, investors and other stakeholders interested in carbon accounting. The group will work collaboratively to develop a joint carbon accounting framework for the minerals industry and its supply chain partners with the goal of it becoming certified as “Built on the GHG Protocol.” This group is going to develop sector-specific guidance for metals and minerals, following the template of successful collaborative carbon accounting initiatives for freight transportation (the Global Logistics Emissions Council [GLEC] Framework) and information and communication technology products (ICT Sector Guidance). The project also will build on the current work of Resolve, which is developing a Climate Smart Mining Emissions Widget that aims to bring alignment and consistency across mining-related standards and initiatives on climate reporting and raise awareness of the need to develop a science-based target methodology for the sector. While climate disclosure in the minerals sector is increasing, it remains a challenge to compare CO2 emissions across companies and supply chains. The group will enable a collaborative consortium made up of academia, industry and other stakeholders in order to undertake the effort. After a mapping exercise of existing methodologies, current company practices and other relevant inputs, the group will identify the best practices to build into a comprehensive framework for carbon reporting that works for all players along minerals value chains. The output will provide guidance on calculating absolute emissions (Scopes 1, 2, and 3) from companies along the value chain. It also will provide a framework for calculating emissions intensities, or the carbon footprints of materials as they are sold and continue their journeys along the value chain. This will enable standardized reporting to CDP, TCFD, GRI and others, as well as reliable carbon footprint values that give a true sense of the embodied emissions of metals and minerals used in end products such as renewable energy systems, buildings, electronics and your beloved electric car. The emissions calculations framework for the minerals industry is the first step in the journey toward carbon transparency that will be needed for consumers and investors to understand and drive the decarbonization of industrial sectors. This is a necessary enabler for anything that comes next. In the words of the Little Prince, “As for the future, your task is not to foresee it, but to enable it.” The vision for a low-carbon industry is out there; it is time to focus on the mechanisms that can make it happen.
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WHAT ARE THE KEY ELEMENTS IN THE STRUCTURE OF THE FINAL MANAGEMENT PROJECT?

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FORMAT: The project should be word processed in an A4 format and 12 point type (Century Schoolbook, Times New Roman or Bookman Old Style) Pages should be numbered consecutively through the document; page numbers should be located centrally at the bottom of the page. Appendices should follow the main text and precede an index (if provided). Appendices may consist of supporting material of considerable length or of lists, publications, tables or other evidence which, if included in the main text, would interrupt its flow.
Referencing and Citations: Harvard Style
PROPOSAL:
The PROJECT PROPOSAL should be used as a working document for the FMP. It should be word processed, and approximately 2,000 words in length, excluding bibliography.
Irrespective of the choice of the kind of project undertaken as the FMP, each student is required to provide evidence of scientific rigor and credibility. Each FMP should have a section on identifying the research problem(s), a relevant literature review, hypotheses (where the methodology demands it), identification of dependent and independent variables (where suitable), justification of methodological choice, primary and secondary data collection, data analysis, results and conclusions, suggestions for future research, limitations, and managerial and theoretical implications.
WHAT ARE THE KEY ELEMENTS IN THE STRUCTURE OF THE FINAL MANAGEMENT PROJECT? An abstract or executive summary (summary of the essential points of the project) An introduction (including the objectives of the project, identification of the research problem being addressed) Key definitions, identification of the key variables (independent, dependent, confounding) if necessary A section demonstrating the significance of the research and how the knowledge gap is being addressed A literature review (a review of the most important pieces of literature in the student’s domain) A section on methodology including students’ arguments supporting their choice of methodology among the different options available to them A section on how students collected data in the field. This section may also include a discussion of the challenges encountered in collecting data and how students overcame them A section on data analysis A section on the results obtained from their data analysis. This section needs to be elaborated to include a discussion of their findings A section on students’ theoretical and managerial implications A section on the limitations of their work, both theoretical and methodological Bibliography (in alphabetical order and fully referenced) Appendices
STRUCTURE GUIDELINES
I. An abstract or executive summary (summary of the essential points of the project) II. An introduction (including the objectives of the project, identification of the research problem being addressed) III. Key definitions, identification of the key variables (independent, dependent, confounding) if necessary IV. A section demonstrating the significance of the research and the how the knowledge gap is being addressed V. A literature review (a review of the most important pieces of literature in the student’s domain) VI. A section on methodology including the students’ arguments supporting their choice of methodology among the different options available to them VII. A section on how students collected data in the field. This section may also include a discussion of the challenges encountered in collecting data and how they overcame them
Viii. A section on data analysis IX. A section on the results obtained from their data analysis. This section needs to be elaborated to include a discussion of their findings X. A section on their theoretical and managerial implications XI. A section on the limitations of their work, both theoretical and methodological XII. Bibliography (in alphabetical order and fully referenced) XIII. Appendices
LENGTH GUIDELINES (word count) Introductory 5 – 10% (750 – 1500 words) Secondary Research 20 – 25% (3000 – 3750 words) Primary Research Methodology 25 – 30% (3750 – 4500 words) Primary Research Analysis 15 – 20% (2250 – 3000 words) Discussion, Conclusions and contributions 20 – 25% (3000 – 3750 words) Limitations and reliability/validity 5% (750 words) Student/Tutor flexibility (Variance within agreed wordcount between tutor and student) +/-10% (1500 word

Prepare an outline for a “pitch,” i.e., a short 20-30 minute business plan presentation that will be made to lenders or investors.

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“One of the most important steps in launching a new business venture is fashioning a well-designed, practical, realistic financial plan.” (Scarborough & Cornwall, 2015, p. 454).

With this assignment, you are creating two important elements of a financial plan: an Income Statement and Balance Sheet. You also are preparing an outline of a presentation of your business plan to potential investors or lenders.

Using the business you created from Assignments 2 and 3, write a three to four (3-4) page paper in which you:
Prepare a simple pro forma (projected) income statement and balance sheet for the first two years of operation, using income projections and incorporating an advertising plan.
Outline a plan for hiring and retaining competent, motivated employees for your business.
Prepare an outline for a “pitch,” i.e., a short 20-30 minute business plan presentation that will be made to lenders or investors.
Include at least two (2) references outside the textbook.

Create a CAD model of a product/component of your choice using any advanced CAD software, preferably CATIA. (the model itself is worth 40% of the grade)

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Create a CAD model of a product/component of your choice using any advanced CAD software, preferably CATIA. (the model itself is worth 40% of the grade) Then identify and explain 5 distinct ways in which CAD/CAM has been used/can be used to improve the design and manufacture of chosen product/component. Finally, research and demonstrate how the application of CAD/CAM in the chosen product’s design process provides a good return of investment.
Note – Will be worth discussing Topology Optimisation and Generative Design tools.

What questions do the philosophies of Averroes and Avicenna allow Europeans to ask/consider?

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Eloy Zarate HIST 2A
16 Questions total
House of Wisdom Study Guide – Part 4
Chapter 8: On the Eternity of the World As you move into the final part of the book, you should understand the different cultures and their respective attitudes toward learning – and its relationship to religion. Hopefully, the cooperative relationship within Islam and the contrast to Christianity is clear. The final section of the text is going to bring the role of rulers to the fore. Pay close attention to Frederick II. Understand his lineage…don’t forget Roger II. Know why both are important!
Overwhelmingly, this part of the book is a review of the major figures and places that the book has covered. Go back through the guide as you read and make sure that you are identifying them correctly. Add the following to your list:
1. St. Thomas Aquinas 2. Averroes – Ibn Rushd 3. Avicenna – Ibn Sina 4. Leonardo of Pisa – Fibonacci 5. Pope Gregory IX
Trace the story of Frederick II. What would he represent today?
1. Why was Frederick ex-communicated….twice? What does this show about the relationship between rulers and the Church?

2. How did European Christians describe Frederick? How does that contrast to the Arab descriptions of Frederick?

3. Consider the story of Frederick’s control of Jerusalem. What has changed since the first chapter on the Crusades? (Read page 167 carefully.) 4. What is the value of “Arab learning” to Frederick? How is Frederick and his reign an important “way station” in the West’s journey toward scientific advances? (p. 171)
In light of Lyons argument about willful forgetting, consider his discussion of Averroes. Very importantly, look at how Averroes is acknowledged in the Renaissance….by Dante and Raphael. What tension or hypocrisy does it reveal?
1. What questions do the philosophies of Averroes and Avicenna allow Europeans to ask/consider?

2. How is the “Eternity of the World” explained by different thinkers? How does Frederick II understand or seek to understand it?

3. How effectively does St. Thomas Aquinas communicate the ideas of the Arab philosophers?
Eloy Zarate HIST 2A
16 Questions total
Most people are quick to recognize that the debate over “Reason and Faith” is a very old one. This chapter has shown some of the major developments of that debate. Think about how this time period shaped our current understandings.
Chapter 9: The Invention of the West Think about the title of this chapter. Most of you have gone through school with a firm understanding of “the West”. You have learned its history – a nice narrative of the rise of the state and progression toward modern democracy. What would it mean that the West is invented? This is the final chapter of the text. Keep the argument of the book in mind. Understand how a “willful forgetting” and an “invention” go hand in hand.
1. Why does the Church give up on “Condemnations?”

2. What shift takes place in education, particularly higher learning?

3. How is Thomas Aquinas meant to resolve this tension? How do you think he resolves the tension?

4. What do the condemnations of 1227 show about the tensions within intellectual traditions? (p. 195)
Lyons ends this chapter with a discussion of Copernicus. What had you learned about him up to this point? Lyons has done this repeatedly throughout the book. He has challenged your understanding of the Crusades, exploration, the “flat earth”…etc. What is the legacy of a “willful forgetting” in your education? How might we better understand the world if we re-incorporate these aspects of the story?

Determine whether your reasons need to be warranted, and include warrants when necessary.

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Generate a debatable claim based on the above topic and write an argumentative essay.
Sample has been given.
Follow the Term Paper outline.
Generate reasons that support your claim, and include the scientific evidence that supports each reason.
Determine whether your reasons need to be warranted, and include warrants when necessary.
Note: the outline template is broken down into sections (“reason 1”, “counterargument”, etc.), to help you construct your argument. But please do not use “reason 1”, “counterargument”, etc. as headings in your term paper.