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Explain the authors’ explicit and implicit rhetorical use of value in their argument for cheap nature.

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Argumentative Essay about Chapter 1 in “A History of the World in Seven Cheap Things”

Follow the outline attached.

  • The Introduction MUST include a brief summary of the chapter, and a clear thesis.
  • 3 body paragraphs each must have 2 points at least to support your idea with quotations or examples from the book. The last body paragraph MUST be counter argument.
  • The paper should be written in third person and DO NOT add personal opinion.
  • DO NOT use outside sources (USE THE BOOK ONLY)

Read Below Carefully:

Compose a Rhetorical Analysis of Cheap Nature, Chapter One of Patel and Moore’s A History of the World in Seven Cheap Things. This should be an argumentative essay with a thesis. Within the paper you will need to complete two different tasks: (1) briefly summarize the chosen text and (2) explain the authors’ explicit and implicit rhetorical use of value in their argument for cheap nature. Therefore, it is essential that you first identify and reproduce the authors’ purpose and argument for cheap nature, and then you analyze how the author uses various categories of value to support and make sense of their argument for cheap nature. For example, how does Patel and Moore use moral/ecological/political value or devaluation to argue for the development of cheap nature?…or how do they use economic value to argue for the value of cheap nature over the value of colonial subjects? The analysis section of the paper should take up the vast majority of the paper and should analyze and argue for how the authors use value rhetorically in arguing for cheap nature.

Guidelines: Your essay should be a minimum of 850 words, double spaced, 12-point font, 1-inch margins, and brought to class for peer review and submitted on Blackboard. Remember to review and consider The Norton field Guide to Writing: Analyzing a Text and Arguing a Position in your writing process.

Assessment: You will be assessed on your rhetorical analysis of the text, which includes your interpretation and application of the rhetorical situation, the clarity and organization of your argument and thesis, your supporting details and evidence, and your summary of the text. You will also be assessed on your effective application of the genre (including all of its strategies, features, conventions, and forms). Finally, you will be assessed on your general organization, grammar, and sentence structure. (Please keep in mind, this is a first draft meant to showcase your skill in analysis and application of genre, so do not get bogged down on perfection, but you should also be showing marked improvement in basic structure and organization).

What fallacies are utilized? Carefully consider the author’s deliberate manipulation of language.

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For this essay, you will write a paper in which you will analyze a public advocacy speech on an issue of importance to you. Using the concepts learned in class, the papers will be evaluated based on the ability to use the terms correctly (providing both an accurate definition of each term and a correct application) as well as based on professional and correct writing style.
Select a speech to analyze. Locate a speech regarding a civic issue of importance to you. Be certain that the source of the text is credible, consider using websites such as American Rhetoric.com. It is important that you pick a speech in which there is a clear message, audience, and call to action.
Analyze your chosen speech as an advocacy argument and write an essay about the writer’s effectiveness considering the context in which and audience to which they were delivered. Identify and explore the following aspects:

Advocate:
Who is the speaker and what group is the speaker advocating on behalf of?
What is the collective identity of the group and what is the position of the speaker in regards to this?
What is the historical context of the issue?

Message:
What is the message? Is it actionable?
What is the claim, evidence, warrant?
What persuasive techniques are used? Ethos, Pathos, Logos?
How was language used or misused?
What fallacies are utilized? Carefully consider the author’s deliberate manipulation of language.

Audience:
Who is the audience and what is their collective identity? Consider concepts such as privilege, stereotypes, etc.
What is the audience’s position in regards to the issue and the advocacy group.

What is the difference between customer relationship management, supplier relationship management, and employee relationship management?

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What is the difference between customer relationship management, supplier relationship management, and employee relationship management? Give a specific example of each one.

Analyse the legal and organisational requirements for financial reporting in different business organisations.

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Sample Assignments

Scenario

For the purpose of this assignment you are to assume the role of a junior accountant for a retail group and your line manager is the Regional Director of Finance. The Director of Finance needs to produce a leaflet for some new members of the Board as part of the induction pack. They are experts in a range of business fields but have limited financial knowledge. You have been asked to prepare a first draft of the leaflet.

Activity 1

The leaflet must provide an overview of accounting policies and procedures and:

  1. explain the purpose and requirements of a business organisation maintaining financial records.
  2. analyse the techniques of using manual and computerized accounting systems.
  3. analyse the legal and organisational requirements for financial reporting in different business organisations.

LO1 Assessment Criteria 1.1 1.2 1.3

Activity 2

At the next meeting of the Board there is an agenda item titled ‘Discussion of financial statements and their usefulness for stakeholder groups’. This will be led by the Regional Director of Finance. You have received an email asking you to produce a draft paper which evaluates the usefulness of financial statements to a range of stakeholder groups.

LO1 Assessment Criteria 1.4

Activity 3

Due to a reduction in sales revenue and a fall in group profits the Board of Directors is investigating inventory management, credit control and current liquidity In order to make meaningful comparisons. Your line manager has asked a few staff in the department to analyse the final accounts of competitors and you have been selected to joint this group.

  1. Analyse, using ratio analysis, the components of working capital for your chosen competitor.
  2. Using your analysis, explain how working capital can be managed effectively in business organisations.

LO2 Assessment Criteria 2.1 2.2

Activity 4

A number of new managers have been recruited to the retail group who will have responsibility for managing their own budgets. Your line manager has asked you to prepare a presentation on financial procedures for the induction programme. In the presentation and accompanying hand out you must:

  1. explain the difference between financial and management accounting.
  2. explain the budgetary control process.

LO3 Assessment Criteria 3.1 3.2 

Activity 5

The retail group has introduced a new product, and uses a standard cost system. Standard costs for 1,000 kilograms of the new product are:

Requirements Quantity Price per kilogram Total Cost
  Kilograms £ £
a 800 0.25 200
b 200 0.40  80
c 200 0.10 20
Input 1,200    300
Output 1,000   200

The production of 1,000 kilograms of the new product requires 1200 kilograms of raw materials. Hence the yield is 1,000 / 1,200 or 5/6 of input. Materials records indicate.

Materials Opening Inventory Purchases (units) in January Closing Inventory
 A 10,000 kilograms 162,000 @ £0.24 15,000 kilograms
 B 12,000 kilograms 30,000  @ £0.42 4,000 kilograms
C 15,000 kilograms 32,000  @ £0.11 11,000 kilograms

To convert 1,200 kilograms of raw materials into 1,000 kilograms of finished product required 25 hours of labour at £7.25 per hour.

Actual direct labour hours and costs are 3,800 hours at £27,550. Factory overhead is applied on a direct labour hour basis at a rate of £5 per hour (£3 fixed, £2 variable).

Factory overhead is £20,000 with 4,000 direct labour hours. Actual overhead are £22,000, Actual finished production is 200,000 new products.

The standard cost per kilogram of the finished product:

Materials £0.30 per kilogram
Labour £0.12 per kilogram
Factory overheads £0.10 per kilogram

The standard selling price per unit 50% mark up on total cost. The actual selling prices 30% mark up on total cost.

  1. Calculate the total and unit costs of the finished product.
  2. Produce an absorption costing statement showing the marginal cost.
  3. Calculate the materials, labour and overhead variances.
  4. Interpret the variance results considering both financial and non-financial factors.
  5. Produce a statement reconciling budgeted to actual profit.
  6. Evaluate a range of costing techniques that could be used for pricing purposes.

LO3 Assessment Criteria 3.3 3.4.

Activity 6

Your line manager has been pleased with your work to date and has invited you to a meeting with the Marketing Director.  She has been researching a number of projects to encourage customers to return to the store.  You have been asked to report on the financial viability of the projects.

The costs associated with each project are as follows:

Project 1 Project 2 Project 3 Project 4
  £ £ £ £
Initial Cost 550,000 550,000 290,000 460,000
Expected Cash Flow
Year 1 20,000 50,000 15,000 30,000
Year 2 75,000 175,000 80,000 95,000
Year 3 125,000 200,000 120,000 150,000
Year 4 250,000 175,000 100,000 210,000
Year 5 200,000 70,000 60,000 300,000

 

Table of Discount Factors

Rate percent
Year 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0
1 0.9569378 0.9523810 0.9478673 0.9433962
2 0.9157300 0.9070295 0.8984524 0.8899964
3 0.8762966 0.8638376 0.8516137 0.8396193
4 0.8385613 0.8227025 0.8072167 0.7920937
5 0.8024510 0.7835262 0.7651344 0.7472582

 

  1. Using appropriate project appraisal techniques assess and demonstrate the financial viability of each project.
  2. Evaluate the methods of investment appraisal completed in part (a). Recommend to the Marketing Director the most appropriate project for the business.
  3. Explain appropriate internal and external sources of finance that could be used to finance this project.

 

LO4 Assessment Criteria 4.1 4.2 4.3

Guidelines for assessors

The assignment submitted by learners must achieve the learning outcomes and meet the standards specified by the assessment criteria for the unit. The suggested evidence below is how learners can demonstrate they have met the required standard.

Task Number Assessment criteria Suggested evidence
1 LO1

AC 1.1 1.2 1.3

 The leaflet should be appropriately presented for the intended audience. The learner is expected to use an appropriate presentation format and produce a clear explanation of the purpose of financial records and provide an overview of financial record keeping. The learner is not expected to produce a full set of accounts but may use extracts from accounts to illustrate debit and credit entries or an audit trail from a computerized system. The information must include an overview of Income Statements (profit and loss accounts) and Statement of Financial Position (balance sheets) for different types of ownership. The learner should ensure all technical terms are clearly explained. The learner could consider including a hand out or glossary of terms in the overview.
2 LO1

AC 1.4

 The learner needs to evaluate the key information that financial statements provide for different stakeholders and make a judgement on their use and relevance.
3 LO2

AC 2.1 2.2

 The learner is expected to use an appropriate report format and draw information from the published accounts of the chosen retail group. (Income Statements (profit and loss accounts) and Statement of Financial Position (balance sheets)) As a minimum the learner should calculate liquidity ratios for the last two years. The learner may also consider the debtor and creditor collection periods and stock turnover to support the discussion on improvements to working capital. The learner should clearly state any assumptions made in relation to the data used from company reports.
4 LO3

AC 3.1 3.2

 The learner is expected to use an appropriate presentation format and produce a hand out taking into account the end users. There should be a detailed explanation of the budgetary control process and the difference between management and financial accounting must be clearly explained. The explanations should be supported by illustrations. The learner is not expected to produce a detailed budget statement.
5 LO3

AC 3.3 3.4

 The learner must show full workings of all calculations. All financial statements should be presented in a format that complies with current accounting conventions. The learner should state clearly any assumptions made and clearly distinguish adverse and favourable variances justifying any recommendations. The learner is expected to manipulate the break- even formula and giver a detailed explanation of the results.
6 LO4

AC 4.1 4.2 4.3

 The learner must complete the tasks in order to demonstrate achievement of the LO at the appropriate standards.  The learner should use appropriate terminology to meet the needs of a readership who have a non-financial background.

The learner is expected to use a range of investment appraisal techniques and show all stages of any calculations. The learner should be able to use discount factor tables; and calculate exact discount factors using extrapolation. Any decisions made should be supported by clear justification explaining why a particular project has been accepted or rejected. The learner is not expected to discuss all sources of finance but focus on those sources that are relevant and realistic for the project selected.

 

 

Was Servant Leadership demonstrated on the part of those in the case study? Why or why not?

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Assume a “Light-caster” Role

Now, it’s time to apply what you have learned! Begin to view the world through an ethical lens by identifying and describing a challenge that faces an organization through these perspectives. In particular, use the material from Johnson’s chapters 5 and 6 (Johnson, Craig E. Meeting the Ethical Challenges of Leadership (pp. 166-167). SAGE Publications). Also, present the challenge from a “business case” perspective to understand the costs of doing good and doing evil.

Purpose

To help you to apply the ethical concepts that you’ve learned to a real context.

Expectations

  • Complete all steps listed out below.

Steps for Case Study Review

Step 1: Select a case study from Johnson (**Case Study Provided Below**)

Choose one of the case studies from Johnson from any of the readings that we’ve had up to this point.

Step 2: Write and submit a case study review.

Write a 3 – 4 page case study review that addresses the following:

  • Identify the case study that you reviewed.
  • Describe the ethical challenge.
  • Explore the case study further by introducing external research on the topic.
  • Attend to the questions posed in the exercise.
  • Explain how your actions might differ from those which actually occurred.
  • Was Servant Leadership demonstrated on the part of those in the case study? Why or why not?

Expectations

  • Support your comments by referencing course readings and external sources.
  • Expected length: 3 – 4 pages (single-spaced)
  • 12 point Times New Roman Font
  • 1-inch margins on all sides.
  • Use APA formatting (except please use single-spacing).

Based on what you’ve discovered about the relationship between nature and learning, how will your behaviour/approach to both learning and nature change in the future?

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Psych essay 2 Draft:

Based on what you’ve discovered about the relationship between nature and learning, how will your behaviour/approach to both learning and nature change in the future?

To address this question you will need to consider and reflect on:

What you have discovered about the link between nature and learning – we will look at this in spring term.

How you will change your behaviour / approach towards both nature and learning as a result of what you’ve discovered, and why you will make these specific changes relationship between nature and learning.

Nature Relieves Stress

Contact With Nature Boosts Self-Discipline

Student Motivation, Enjoyment, and Engagement Are Better in Natural Settings

Theories relating to nature :

‘Restorative’ potential of nature > aids learning

Attention Restoration Theory – key framework for framing and explaining nature-learning links

Mentally fatigued – learning impaired

Exposure to nature – mental resources recover – better able to learn

Examined relationships between cognitive function and multiple forms of nature exposure e.g.:

‘Greenness’ of environment

Green views

Images of nature

Learning and physical activities completed outdoors

Experiments and observational studies

Green views :

Related to cognitive function and academic performance

Views of a natural scene > better attention (Li and Sullivan, 2016; Tennessen and Cimprich, 1995)

More green views > higher test scores, graduation rates, college attendance (Matsuoka, 2010)

Green views > better performance, greater satisfaction with course (Benfield et al., 2015)

Green micro breaks – computer images – improves cognitive function (Lee et al., 2015)

Cognitive function improved after viewing images of nature, not after viewing images of urban environments (Berman et al., 2008)

Schools in greener neighbourhoods > higher test scores (Wu et al., 2014)

Schools in greener neighbourhoods > no relationship to maths scores, better English scores (Hodson & Sander, 2017)

More trees around home and school > better reading scores,  to a lesser extent maths scores (Donovan et al., 2018)

Are you using a specific case/event as a way of testing a more general hypothesis/theory?

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Research paper proposal and annotated bibliography

Research Topic: Are deliberative democracy better than representative democracy?

  1. a one-page single spaced paper proposal (Remember – It is a proposal: it indicates what you will be doing. The proposal is not intended to be a mini-version of your research paper)
  • In the Introduction to your proposal
  • A). Outline your research question
    • What will you be exploring in your actual research paper?
  • B). Clearly establish why your question is significant
    • Why should we care about this topic?
    • Provide a little background on the issue/controversy that you are weighing in on
  • C). Outline your hypothesis
    • What do you think you will find?
    • What is the argument that you think you will be making in your actual research paper?
  • The Body of the Proposal:
  • Discuss how you will answer your question. Note: since this is political theory course. Please try to focus more on theories.
  • Are you attempting to explain a single case/event?
    • What actors, structures, institutions, evidence, will you focus on and why?
  • Are you using a specific case/event as a way of testing a more general hypothesis/theory?
    • What is it about the case/event that makes it a good test (is it a crucial case for example)?
  1. an annotated bibliography with a minimum of 8 peer reviewed academic sources.

For each source include 1 paragraph summary of the main argument and how it relates to your specific research question.

 

Write a 2-page paper summarizing a peer-reviewed journal article that describes an intervention for problem behavior maintained by the assigned function.

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Write a 2-page paper summarizing a peer-reviewed journal article that describes an intervention for problem behavior maintained by the assigned function.

In the summary, in your own words, you should describe its purpose, rationale, method, results, and discussion.

For the last paragraph, you should ask question you would like your peers to discuss(respond) about:

  1. a) two questions you had about the article,
  2. b) and two open-ended questions.

Evaluate the importance of the California State Park System as a form of environmentalism. Include 2 different parks as an example in your writing.

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Evaluate the importance of the California State Park System as a form of environmentalism. Include 2 different parks as an example in your writing.

Identify your target audience and what values, priorities, and emotions you must take into consideration to make a convincing argument.

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Module 2 Competency Assessment Worksheet

In this Competency Assessment, you will create a persuasive, problem-solving thesis statement and evaluate the effectiveness of that thesis using the rhetorical situation and the rhetorical triangle.

Part I: First of all, you will revise the provisional thesis statement that you worked on in the Module’s discussion. Make sure the thesis is concise (1–2 sentences) and includes two parts: a proposal for solving a problem and a reason that solution is needed.   For more on creating effective persuasive thesis statements, review the following PGWC resources:

Write your revised two-part thesis statement here, and be sure to include a claim + reason (the “because” or “since” clause):

State the underlying assumption of your argument:

Part II: Use the rhetorical situation (author, text, purpose, audience, setting) to brainstorm about the main elements of your argument. This argument analysis will help you prepare for the persuasive essay written for the Module 4 Competency Assessment. You will be the author and the text will be a scholarly essay, so there is no need to answer those two parts of the rhetorical situation. Identify the other three elements of the rhetorical situation below using complete sentences:

Purpose – What do you hope to accomplish by making this argument?

Target audience – Who in the community can make the change and what other stakeholders will be affected by this issue and your recommended change?

Setting – Name and describe the community you will write about.

You can use “The Rhetorical Situation” and “The Rhetorical Situation in College Composition II” for help with this exercise.

Part III: Describe how you will use the appeals of logos, ethos, and pathos to make your argument more compelling to your audience. You can review the PGWC resource on the appeals here: “The Three Appeals of Argument.“

Pathos – Identify your target audience and what values, priorities, and emotions you must take into consideration to make a convincing argument.

Ethos – Describe what points of disagreement, assumptions, misconceptions, and valid concerns you will need to address to show a complex understanding of the issue. What are some common ground opportunities that you can use to show that you understand their position and agree with parts of it?

Logos – Describe what logic, examples, and evidence you can use to support your explanation of the problem and your proposed solution? What logical fallacies will you need to avoid?