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Discuss each one of them by using appropriate theories and journal articles. Other examples may be from the media and practitioners’ reports.

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Assignment Guide:

By now most of you would have gone through the assignment brief after the class discussion last week.  Here are a few guidelines on how you might want to approach the assignment. Of course, these are guidelines only and you may prefer to choose your own format.

Consider the classroom discussions you have every week. You all discuss topics and express yours views related to the topic. Some of you agree with the key point being discussed whereas some others don’t. Also as a part of these classroom discussions, you highlight relevant theories. You are using the same style for the assignment except you are doing this by yourself.

The Assignment Process.

The assignment places the notion of digitization and controversies within the food sector at the centre of the assignment.

For the first part, you need to consider the food retail industry. Be mindful of the fact that you are looking at a massive industry The easiest way to tackle the assignment is to conduct a thorough search with a view to understand what is happening in this industry.

Based on your reading and understanding:

Identify the key digital innovations and controversies which currently dominate this industry.

Discuss each one of them by using appropriate theories and journal articles. Other examples may be from the media and practitioners’ reports.

In your discussion you can refer to various organisations and sub sectors (such as the ‘fast-food industry or the restaurant business’) within the food retail sector to enhance your points.

This is a straight forward approach which will enable you to go through the assignment smoothly. This will also take away the task of choosing a specific sector within the food industry.

For psychological and demographic variables, you can choose the same innovations and controversies as identified above, you may or may not be applicable in your situation. In this context, You will need to get other existing theoretical views, in addition to the lecture notes. For this, you have to do a journal search to see how other academics have used theories, which would facilitate the discussion. For instance, if you identify Facebook (in the context of the food industry of course) as an innovation you need to indicate if specific demographic or psychological variables have been associated with the adoption and use of Facebook. Your discussion needs to have depth, therefore, you will need to link your discussion to established theories. For instance, in the case of personality variables, you can illustrate what role do Freud’s personality structures play in the context of Facebook adoption and use? Ensure that you have referenced your information sources using the Harvard referencing style.

The whole assignment can be viewed as one big discussion topic and if you prefer you may discuss it as that. For instance, you may use the innovations/controversies from the previous section and further build on them in the second part.  But please make clear that you have included all discussion points listed in the brief, for instance by starting a topic with a new paragraph. Alternatively, you can discuss the topics as they appear in the assignment brief, one at a time. There will be a slight overlap if you do this but make sure it remains small.

As far as the word count is concerned it is recommended that you stick to the overall word limit. A slightly different approach (this is only a suggestion and may be slightly more difficult) if you allocate more for one question but this will mean that other sections will have less word count (to stay within the overall word-count). Please note all discussion questions are equally weighted (25% each) as they all significantly contribute to the assignment.

Moving on the next question which requires you develop a website. You choose a product which is already out in the market within the food sector but still relatively new. You provide a critique on its existing marketing with a view that the website you are going to create will address these limitations.

The word count does not include the information within the website. Both the content and presentation will be crucial in this context, therefore, you need to consider both aspects. With the presentation, you need to pay particular attention to issues such as the ease of navigating and so on. The content aspect should provide pertinent information considering the topic in hand.

There will be several assignment-help sessions through the duration of the module and I would encourage you to bring your queries and clarify any doubts you may have.  Please note it is entirely up to you as to how you use the help sessions. The nature of discussions in these sessions will be determined by you in terms of what queries you bring and how useful these sessions are for you will be determined by what you take with you from them. Therefore how you perform in the module and the success and failure is in your hands and not the tutor.

Provide a critical discussion on perceived causes of Climate Change via scientific and academic literature.

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ASSESSMENT BRIEF

1        Demonstrate a critical awareness of the concept of Environmental Management linked to Health.

2        Critically analyze climate change and health public policies.

3        Demonstrate a critical awareness of the concept of sustainable development in relation to the health arena.

4        To articulate sustainable strategies to benefit (human) health in terms of Environmental Management practices.

SUBMISSION DATE: Monday, 13th January, 2020 (Electronic format ONLY via Canvas)

ASSIGNMENT TITLE: Environmental Management and Sustainability Report

Compile a critical 3,500 word report addressing Climate Change, Sustainability and Health

Your report must include:

  1. An introduction to the report content
  2. Outline the Sustainability Concept
  3. Provide a critical discussion on perceived causes of Climate Change via scientific and academic literature.
  4. Provide a critical account of the Climate Change impacts using the spheres of sustainability
  5. Provide an example of Adaptation and Mitigation, stating the benefits to human health
  6. Discuss the contemporary national and international policies which aim to’ leave the natural world in a better condition than we found it’ highlighting the importance in relation to the health arena.
  7. A conclusion
  8. Ensure you apply level six descriptors and the work is Harvard Referenced throughout.

All of the brief  must be addressed.

 

STUDENT NUMBER:

Learning Outcomes

 

 Level Descriptor Achieved
Demonstrate a critical awareness of the concept of Environmental Management linked to Health  
Critically analyse climate change and health public policies  
Demonstrate a critical awareness of the concept of sustainable development in relation to the health arena.  
To articulate sustainable strategies to benefit (human) health in terms of Environmental Management practices.  

 

 

 

STUDENT NUMBER:

  Marker’s Comments Moderation Comments
A Introduction

 
B Perceived causes of Climate Change
C Sustainability model aligned to Climate Change impacts
D Adaptation and Mitigation
E Policies discussed

 
F Conclusion                             (250 words)
G Level 6 Performance Application / Academic Style / Report Format

 

 

Marks Description
90-100% Outstanding Exceptional level of analysis, showing deep critical engagement with a comprehensive range of contextual material.

Demonstration of independent thought resulting in highly original or creative responses to the assignment.

Provision of clear evidence of understanding of current scholarship and research based on an extensive range of relevant sources.

Extreme clarity of structure demonstrating complete focus of argument.

No obvious errors in referencing or grammar or syntax as appropriate.
80-89%

Excellent

 Excellent links between relevant ideas, theories and practice.

Evidence of clearly independent scholarship and the ability to engage critically and analytically with a wide range of contextually relevant resource material.

Demonstration of original insights, supported by extremely well structured overall argument.

Very few errors in referencing or grammar or syntax as appropriate
70-79% Very Good Very good links between a range of different ideas and theories. Places issues in a wider context.

Evidence of clear understanding of a range of relevant theories and application of these appropriately. Independent ideas, well argued and supported.

Few errors in referencing or grammar or syntax as appropriate.
60-69%

Good

 Clear links between theory and practice. Good coverage of assignment issues. Full understanding of core issues.

Evidenced level of understanding of appropriate theory and concepts.

Some small repeated errors in referencing or grammar or syntax as appropriate.
50-59%

Competent

 Identifies main issues and relevant theory. Coverage of most of assignment issues.

Competent application of relevant theory and states obvious links to practice.

Some repeated errors in referencing or grammar or syntax as appropriate.
40-49%

Pass

 Makes few links between theory and practice. Answers question in a very basic way.

Describes relevant theory accurately, and some relevant ideas offered.

Limited coherence of structure.
30-39%

Fail

 Some learning outcomes and / or assessment criteria not met. Inadequate content with issues not addressed; insufficient evidence of understanding of relevant theory and concepts and only partial understanding

shown. Very limited application of theory.

Use of extensive quoted passages is evident. Evidence of sufficient grasp of learning outcomes to suggest that the student will be able to retrieve the module on re-submission.
20-29%

Fail

 No learning outcomes fully met.No demonstration of adequate knowledge or understanding of key concepts or theories. There is no recognition of the complexity of the subject.
10-19%

Fail

 Little attempt to engage with assignment brief and has not met learning outcomes. Inadequate demonstration of knowledge or understanding of key concepts, theories or practice.
0-9% No real attempt to address the assignment brief or learning outcomes.

Critically evaluate investment opportunities and using a range of financial analysis and investment appraisal techniques.

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ASSIGNMENT QUESTION

 Background

Global News Ltd is a UK-based privately-owned news channel distributed on satellite, cable and on-line. At present it employs 1,000 personnel in a news gathering and editing capacity. This includes reporters, camera operators and editors. A further 450 staff work in the head-office and support functions. The company regards itself as having a progressive editorial style and has tried to reflect this in operational decisions, including a focus on maximizing the diversity of its workforce in all areas and emphasizing this approach in its branding.

The company is owned by the founders, Arlo and Manfred, with a 20% share each, a number of senior executives with a total of 20% between them (none with more than 5%), and 40% by Stox, a private equity fund. There are 20 million shares in issue and, according to a recent presentation given to the company by an investment bank the equity is worth £210-230m. The company paid dividends last year of £1.32 per share. The company has debt as follows:

  • £25m in the form of subordinated loan stock provided by Stox at a fixed rate of 5.5%
  • £30m in a “club deal” from three banks at a floating rate hedged through a swap at 4% for 5 years.

Last year the company had revenues of £156m million, Operating Profit of £15m and Net profit of £8m. Margins have been falling and the management are coming under pressure from Stox to improve performance.

The Director of Operations is concerned that the technology currently employed by the organization is aging and does not operate at a level of security or efficiency suitable for a company of GNL’s scale. He has been in discussions with a broadcasting IT designer, NBED, to carry out a preliminary analysis on how the systems could be upgraded.

NBED estimate that designing or licensing new software would cost £5m per year for the next 5 years. It would also require an investment of £60m in new hardware throughout the organisation. It would also require an increase in the training budget of £8,000 pa per employee in the first year and £2,000 pa thereafter.

The hardware would depreciate on a reducing balance basis of 30% per year for the first two years and 20% thereafter. The introduction of the new technology would mean a significant change in working practices and a significant reduction in the size of the workforce. This would be mainly amongst front line journalists, editors and camera operators, since much of the work can now be done by junior reporters using news feeds which are directly accessed through their computers.

It is thought that up to 650 staff could be made redundant at a cost of 50% of their annual salary. Average salaries throughout the company are £45,000. A certain number of new staff would need to be hired (10 in year one and 5 in each of the following two years) to support the change.

Assignment Task

You are required to prepare a report, using the information provided above covering the following areas:

  1. a) An up to date estimate of the company’s cost of capital using publicly available data (15 marks)
  2. b) A spreadsheet model forecasting the impact over the next 5 years of the business case proposal set out above, together with a critical review of the assumptions, using publicly available information and a revised business case using the model to show its impact (40 marks)
  3. c) A critical evaluation of the project and revised business case using investment appraisal techniques and a critical discussion of the results of this analysis (15 marks)
  4. d) A discussion and evaluation of how the company might meet the funding requirements of the project (10 marks)
  5. e) A brief critical discussion of the corporate social responsibility issues raised by the proposal (10 marks)
  6. f) A critical, supported conclusion providing recommendations for the adoption or otherwise of the proposal. (10 marks)

 

 ASSESSMENT CRITERIA

You are reminded that the learning outcomes for the module are as follows and your answer should be prepared throughout with these in mind.

  1. Learning Outcomes (threshold standards):

On successful completion of this module the student will be expected to be able to: Knowledge and understanding

  1. Understanding a range of approaches and investment criteria for investment in securities and projects including the meaning of cost of capital and its application
  2. Understand the range of financial options available to financial managers in selecting sources of finance taking into consideration the size and stage of growth of the business

Intellectual, practical, affective and transferable skills

  1. Critically evaluate investment opportunities and using a range of financial analysis and investment appraisal techniques.
  2. Critically evaluate the criteria for developing a sustainable funding structure for a business or project.

 

Detailed assessment criteria and guidance are as follows:

  1. a) You should use the Capital Asset Pricing Model and Dividend Valuation Model to establish a cost of equity. Cost of each debt instrument needs to be calculated and the data combined to produce a Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC). You must make clear your sources for data such as the riskfree rate and market risk premium and explain the basis for your choice of growth rate and beta using suitable market comparables. (LO 1)
  2. b) A basic template for the model is provided online. You should use this as a guide and develop your own model using the assumptions provided. Although no specialist knowledge of the relevant industry is expected, you are expected to demonstrate research into the reasonableness of the assumptions put forward in the scenario. This should be properly referenced and sourced. Credit will be given for specific “real-life” research in this area, and also for the ability to adapt the spreadsheet model to reflect justified, revised assumptions. (LO 1&3)
  3. c) You should use NPV/IRR as the primarily tools for this evaluation although you may also use payback period and ROCE as appraisal tools. Your evaluation and critical discussion should focus on this particular company and not take the form of a generic discussion of the mechanics or relative merits of the different approaches. (LO3)
  4. d) You should consider the amount of funding required to implement the project and consider the impact of different options on the company’s overall gearing and ability to satisfy the cost of capital. Your discussion should not be a description of every option available but a critical evaluation of those available to this company, taking into account its existing level of debt and the nature of its shareholders. You are not required to provide a financial model of the cashflows resulting from a particular structure but you may consider the effect of different WACC results on the model developed in b) above. (LO2&4)
  5. e) You should consider concepts of maximising shareholder wealth and corporate social responsibility in the context of cutbacks in staff levels. Credit will be given for research into “real-life” companies which have put an emphasis on diversity and inclusivity and also had to restructure the workforce. You should consider not only the social and public image issues raised, but also whether these may have direct or indirect financial consequences. (LO 4)
  6. f) You should summarise the findings of your technical analysis and other areas of research. Your conclusion should set out and critically evaluate the options raised and make clear recommendations supported by specific arguments raised in the earlier sections. (LO 1-4)

 

Your analysis must be supported by relevant academic theories and concepts. The paper must be in a report format and comply with Harvard referencing guidelines. The report must not be descriptive in nature; it should provide clear evidence of understanding of the issues under consideration with an applied review of the business provided in the task scenario. It is essential you apply theories and concepts and not just explain them.

 

The majority of the marks will be awarded based on your ability to define, analyze and apply the key concepts; without any analysis or evaluation you may struggle to pass the module.

There is no correct number of academic references to be utilized as you must draw as many references as required to provide a high quality answer. However, a minimum of 12 academic sources are expected, and a majority of these should be current, internationally peer reviewed articles/journals or accredited textbook references. Sources such as Wikipedia/Investopedia and the like are not acceptable. Any sources available only online should be avoided. As you are producing a report in a business context you may, for this module, include references as footnotes.

 

What training is required for teachers and teaching assistants before they can help children with special educational needs like dyslexia?

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The aim of this dissertation is to look at “what strategies are used by teachers and teaching assistants in schools, to support children with dyslexia in UK primary schools?

Research Questions

  • How is dyslexia diagnosed?
  1. A) Medical Model/Labels (Explain how the medical model was first used in schools)
  2. B) Educational/Social model (then explain how the Educational and social models were used and how the social model changed the way dyslexia was seen in schools).

2) How is dyslexia identified in the classroom?

3) Explain the latest Interventions/support used in primary schools

4)  What support do teachers give primary school children?

5)  What help do teaching assistants give in the classroom?

6)  What training is required for teachers and teaching assistants before they can help children with special educational needs like dyslexia?

Write an essay discussing the application of one of the following superconcepts in an academic discipline: Systems, Fiction, Complexity, Structuralism, Entropy, Deconstruction and Evolution.

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Superconcepts Assignment – Details

Write an essay discussing the application of one of the following superconcepts in an academic discipline: Systems, Fiction, Complexity, Structuralism, Entropy, Deconstruction and Evolution.

Your essay will demonstrate your understanding of the idea of a superconcept and of the principles of the superconcept in question. It may be helpful to approach your work with a question in mind: e.g. ‘To what extent is the superconcept X applicable in the field Y’?

It is your responsibility to ensure that a non-specialist reader understands which discipline you are discussing, especially if that discipline is not obvious as a discipline.

You are welcome to phrase the title of your essay however you wish.

We are expecting a strict adherence to the essay structure: ‘argument, counter-argument, counter-counter-argument’. A number of disciplines operate with expectations about the structure of an essay and, where this is the case, it is important to identify and adhere to that structure.

We are also expecting a strict adherence to the Harvard system of referencing. Again, a number of disciplines operate with expectations about referencing.

Note: the assignments on this module – like those on other core modules – are designed to give you space to think in an interdisciplinary way about the disciplines on your pathways. You may, therefore, wish to examine the application of a superconcept in a discipline on one of your pathways.

Identify the key digital innovations and controversies which currently dominate this industry.

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Assignment Guide:

By now most of you would have gone through the assignment brief after the class discussion last week.  Here are a few guidelines on how you might want to approach the assignment. Of course, these are guidelines only and you may prefer to choose your own format.

Consider the classroom discussions you have every week. You all discuss topics and express yours views related to the topic. Some of you agree with the key point being discussed whereas some others don’t. Also as a part of these classroom discussions, you highlight relevant theories. You are using the same style for the assignment except you are doing this by yourself.

The Assignment Process.

The assignment places the notion of digitization and controversies within the food sector at the centre of the assignment.

For the first part, you need to consider the food retail industry. Be mindful of the fact that you are looking at a massive industry The easiest way to tackle the assignment is to conduct a thorough search with a view to understand what is happening in this industry.

Based on your reading and understanding:

Identify the key digital innovations and controversies which currently dominate this industry.

Discuss each one of them by using appropriate theories and journal articles. Other examples may be from the media and practitioners’ reports.

In your discussion you can refer to various organisations and sub sectors (such as the ‘fast-food industry or the restaurant business’) within the food retail sector to enhance your points.

This is a straight forward approach which will enable you to go through the assignment smoothly. This will also take away the task of choosing a specific sector within the food industry.

For psychological and demographic variables, you can choose the same innovations and controversies as identified above, you may or may not be applicable in your situation. In this context, You will need to get other existing theoretical views, in addition to the lecture notes. For this, you have to do a journal search to see how other academics have used theories, which would facilitate the discussion. For instance, if you identify Facebook (in the context of the food industry of course) as an innovation you need to indicate if specific demographic or psychological variables have been associated with the adoption and use of Facebook. Your discussion needs to have depth, therefore, you will need to link your discussion to established theories. For instance, in the case of personality variables, you can illustrate what role do Freud’s personality structures play in the context of Facebook adoption and use? Ensure that you have referenced your information sources using the Harvard referencing style.

The whole assignment can be viewed as one big discussion topic and if you prefer you may discuss it as that. For instance, you may use the innovations/controversies from the previous section and further build on them in the second part.  But please make clear that you have included all discussion points listed in the brief, for instance by starting a topic with a new paragraph. Alternatively, you can discuss the topics as they appear in the assignment brief, one at a time. There will be a slight overlap if you do this but make sure it remains small.

As far as the word count is concerned it is recommended that you stick to the overall word limit. A slightly different approach (this is only a suggestion and may be slightly more difficult) if you allocate more for one question but this will mean that other sections will have less word count (to stay within the overall word-count). Please note all discussion questions are equally weighted (25% each) as they all significantly contribute to the assignment.

Moving on the next question which requires you develop a website. You choose a product which is already out in the market within the food sector but still relatively new. You provide a critique on its existing marketing with a view that the website you are going to create will address these limitations.

The word count does not include the information within the website. Both the content and presentation will be crucial in this context, therefore, you need to consider both aspects. With the presentation, you need to pay particular attention to issues such as the ease of navigating and so on. The content aspect should provide pertinent information considering the topic in hand.

There will be several assignment-help sessions through the duration of the module and I would encourage you to bring your queries and clarify any doubts you may have.  Please note it is entirely up to you as to how you use the help sessions. The nature of discussions in these sessions will be determined by you in terms of what queries you bring and how useful these sessions are for you will be determined by what you take with you from them. Therefore how you perform in the module and the success and failure is in your hands and not the tutor.

How or how not does the Bailey graph help explain the way Justices voted in the case?

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Review he readings from last week. In this cumulative post, students are invited to think about whether Justices are motivated by political ideology, legal philosophy, or if these two concepts are interrelated. Read Bush v Gore, then locate each of the justices who voted in the case on the Bailey graph.
How or how not does the Bailey graph help explain the way Justices voted in the case?
What are some other ways to explain how and why the Court voted the way it did in Bush v Gore? (Draw on readings from the other weeks you think explain judicial decision-making.)
What is the most compelling explanation?
If you argue that Justices aren’t ideologically-driven, then make sure you address why there is a high correlation between ideology and votes in the Bailey graph.

What is the structure of the argument? What claims are used to support the main point and what is their order/relationship?

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So there are 11 papers/text which I have attached and for each of the papers/text I want exam based summaries of one page each, so total is 11 pages. For each paper/text all the things which I have listed below must be answered. Some papers are way shorter than others so the writer must use more space/pages for the longer texts, but all the questions must be answered for each text which are listed below.

The basics:
1. Figure out what the main point of the article/chapter is.
2. What is the structure of the argument? What claims are used to support the main point and what is their order/relationship?
3. What kind of evidence is presented in favor of the author’s view?
4. Does the author take into account counterarguments? What are her replies?
Advanced notes involve evaluation on your part:
1. What are the assumptions the author makes? Are those plausible?
2. Is the argument persuasive? Why or why not?
3. Is the author excluding important facts/evidence?
4. Does the author have adequate responses to actual or possible objections?

What are operating current liabilities? How much net operating working capital and total net operating capital does Computron have?

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Chapter 2 Financial Statements, Cash Flow, and Taxes
a. What is Computron’s net operating profit after taxes (NOPAT)? What are operating current assets? What are operating current liabilities? How much net operating working capital and total net operating capital does Computron have?
b. What is Computron’s free cash flow (FCF)? What are Computron’s “net uses” of its FCF?
c. Calculate Computron’s return on invested capital (ROIC). Computron has a 10% cost of capital (WACC). What caused the decline in the ROIC? Was it due to operating profitability or capital utilization? Do you think Computron’s growth added value?
d. Cochran also has asked you to estimate Computron’s EVA. She estimates that the after-tax cost of capital was 10% in both years.
e. What happened to Computron’s Market Value Added (MVA)?
f. Assume that a corporation has $100,000 of taxable income from operations plus $5,000 of interest income and $10,000 of dividend income. What is the company’s federal tax liability?
g. Assume that you are in the 25% marginal tax bracket and that you have $5,000 to invest. You have narrowed your investment choices down to California bonds with a yield of 7% or equally risky ExxonMobil bonds with a yield of 10%. Which one should you choose and why? At what marginal tax rate would you be indifferent to the choice between California and ExxonMobil bonds?

Explore the aims, methods and/or impacts of Stephen Brunt’s video essay about the 2010 Winter Olympic Games.

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English 100: University Writing
Essay 3
Essay 3 (with an annotated Works Cited list and a first draft) is worth 20 percent of your final grade. It should serve as a vehicle for exploring/responding to/arguing about a text (or as of a text) from the in-class material or course reading pack. The essay, which should approximately 1,500 WORDS in length, will require you to demonstrate your ability 1) to ask compelling questions in order to explore/respond to/argue about a topic, not only at the what- level, but also at the how- and why-levels; 2) to express your findings using clear, concise,grammatically accurate writing; 3) to conduct research and summarise, analyse, synthesize, and evaluate (SASE) ideas from at least THREE sources (primary and secondary); 4) to cite the sources both in-text and in a Works Cited list as outlined by the MLA Documentation guidelines; and 4) to implement the various elements and formatting rules of the research-supported,
academic essay. Note that Wikipedia and other unverifiable online sources won’t be accepted as
a reliable source of information.
Topics;
1 Explore the aims, methods and/or impacts of Stephen Brunt’s video essay about the 2010 Winter Olympic Games.
2 Argue for or against the narrator’s assertion that “what mattered was the excuse to wave the flag and sing the anthem and shout it out loud” in Stephen Brunt’s video essay about the 2010 Winter Olympic Games.
3 Explore the relationship(s) between the iconic photographs Tank Man and Falling Man.
4 Explore the function(s) of identity/anonymity in Tank Man and/or Falling Man.
5 Argue for or against Wikileaks’ mission statement and/or methodology.
6 Argue for or against TIME magazine’s naming of Wildleaks founder Julian Assange as runner-up for Person of the Year in 2010.
Explore the role of violence in Shooting an Elephant by George Orwell.
8 Respond critically (SASE) to the narrator’s assertion that imperialism is an “evil thing” in Shooting an Elephant by George Orwell.
9 Respond critically (SASE) to the central message in Unchopping a Tree by W.S. Merwin.
10 Explore the aims, methods and/or impacts of tone in Unchopping a Tree by W.S. Merwin.
11 Explore the evolution/devolution of the protagonist in Bullet in the Brain by Tobias Wolff.
12 Respond critically (SASE) to the central message in Bullet in the Brain by Tobias Wolff.
13 Argue for or against the narrator’s argument in Why Study/Teach English? by Brian Bauld.
14 Argue for or against the narrator’s assertion that “[l]iterature gives us the chance to awaken the humanity in us” in Why Study/Teach English? by Brian Bauld.
15 Respond critically (SASE) to the narrator’s argument in A Modest Proposal by Jonathan Swift.
16 Present your own “modest proposal” outlining a solution to a current societal problem using
A Modest Proposal by Jonathan Swift as an argumentative model. Note that due to the nature
of this topic, you may choose not to refer directly to A Modest Proposal in your essay (in
which case the connection will be implied in the structure).