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What would you expect your experimental results to indicate about the effect of ampicillin on the E. coli cells?

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Student Manual pGLO Transformation Lesson 1 Introduction to Transformation In this lab you will perform a procedure known as genetic transformation. Remember that a gene is a piece of DNA which provides the instructions for making (codes for) a protein. This protein gives an organism a particular trait. Genetic transformation literally means “change caused by genes,” and involves the insertion of a gene into an organism in order to change the organism’s trait. Genetic transformation is used in many areas of biotechnology. In agriculture, genes coding for traits such as frost, pest, or spoilage resistance can be genetically transformed into plants. In bioremediation, bacteria can be genetically transformed with genes enabling them to digest oil spills. In medicine, diseases caused by defective genes are beginning to be treated by gene therapy; that is, by genetically transforming a sick person’s cells with healthy copies of the defective gene that causes the disease. You will use a procedure to transform bacteria with a gene that codes for Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP). The real-life source of this gene is the bioluminescent jellyfish Aequorea victoria . Green Fluorescent Protein causes the jellyfish to fluoresce and glow in the dark. Following the transformation procedure, the bacteria express their newly acquired jellyfish gene and produce the fluorescent protein, which causes them to glow a brilliant green color under ultraviolet light. In this activity, you will learn about the process of moving genes from one organism to another with the aid of a plasmid. In addition to one large chromosome, bacteria naturally contain one or more small circular pieces of DNA called plasmids. Plasmid DNA usually contains genes for one or more traits that may be beneficial to bacterial survival. In nature, bacteria can transfer plasmids back and forth allowing them to share these beneficial genes. This natural mechanism allows bacteria to adapt to new environments. The recent occurrence of bacterial resistance to antibiotics is due to the transmission of plasmids. Bio-Rad’s unique pGLO plasmid encodes the gene for GFP and a gene for resistance to the antibiotic ampicillin. pGLO also incorporates a special gene regulation system, which can be used to control expression of the fluorescent protein in transformed cells. The gene for GFP can be switched on in transformedcells by adding the sugar arabinose to the cells’ nutrient medium. Selection for cells that have been transformed with pGLO DNA is accomplished by growth on ampillicin plates. Transformed cells will appear white (wild-type phenotype) on plates not containing arabinose, and fluorescent green under UV light when arabinose is included in the nutrient agar medium. You will be provided with the tools and a protocol for performing genetic transformation. Your task will be to: 1. Do the genetic transformation. 2. Determine the degree of success in your efforts to genetically alter an organism.

STUDENT MANUAL LESSON 1
Lesson 1 Focus Questions There are many considerations that need to be thought through in the process of planning a scientific laboratory investigation. Below are a few for you to ponder as you take on the challenge of doing a genetic transformation. Since scientific laboratory investigations are designed to get information about a question, our first step might be to formulate a question for this investigation. Consideration 1: Can I Genetically Transform an Organism? Which Organism?

1. To genetically transform an entire organism, you must insert the new gene into every cell in the organism. Which organism is better suited for total genetic transformation— one composed of many cells, or one composed of a single cell?
2. Scientists often want to know if the genetically transformed organism can pass its new traits on to its offspring and future generations. To get this information, which would be a better candidate for your investigation, an organism in which each new generation develops and reproduces quickly, or one which does this more slowly?
3. Safety is another important consideration in choosing an experimental organism. What traits or characteristics should the organism have (or not have) to be sure it will not harm you or the environment?
4. Based on the above considerations, which would be the best choice for a genetic transformation: a bacterium, earthworm, fish, or mouse? Describe your reasoning.

STUDENT MANUAL LESSON 1
Consideration 2: How Can I Tell if Cells Have Been Genetically Transformed? Recall that the goal of genetic transformation is to change an organism’s traits, also known as their phenotype. Before any change in the phenotype of an organism can be detected, a thorough examination of its natural (pre-transformation) phenotype must be made. Look at the colonies of E. coli on your starter plates. List all observable traits or characteristics that can be described:
The following pre-transformation observations of E. coli
might provide baseline data to make reference to when attempting to determine if any genetic transformation has occurred. a) Number of colonies
b) Size of : 1) the largest colony 2) the smallest colony 3) the majority of colonies
c) Color of the colonies
d) Distribution of the colonies on the plate
e) Visible appearance when viewed with ultraviolet (UV) light
f) The ability of the cells to live and reproduce in the presence of an antibiotic such as ampicillin
1. Describe how you could use two LB/agar plates, some E. coli and some ampicillin to determine how E. coli cells are affected by ampicillin.
2. What would you expect your experimental results to indicate about the effect of ampicillin on the E. coli cells?

STUDENT MANUAL LESSON 1
Consideration 3: The Genes Genetic transformation involves the insertion of some new DNA into the E. coli cells. In addition to one large chromosome, bacteria often contain one or more small circular pieces of DNA called plasmids. Plasmid DNA usually contains genes for more than one trait. Scientists use a process called genetic engineering to insert genes coding for new traits into a plasmid. In this case, the pGLO plasmid has been genetically engineered to carry the GFP gene which codes for the green fluorescent protein, GFP, and a gene ( bla ) that codes for a protein that gives the bacteria resistance to an antibiotic. The genetically engineered plasmid can then be used to genetically transform bacteria to give them this new trait.
Consideration 4: The Act of Transformation This transformation procedure involves three main steps. These steps are intended to introduce the plasmid DNA into the E. coli cells and provide an environment for the cells to express their newly acquired genes. To move the pGLO plasmid DNA through the cell membrane you will:

1. Use a transformation solution containing CaCl2 (calcium chloride).

2. Carry out a procedure referred to as heat shock. For transformed cells to grow in the presence of ampicillin you must:

3. Provide them with nutrients and a short incubation period to begin expressing their newly acquired genes.

pGLO plasmid DNA
GFP
Flagellum
Pore
Cell wall
Beta-lactamase (antibiotic resistance)Bacterial chromosomal DNA

STUDENT MANUAL LESSON 1
Lesson 2 Transformation Laboratory Workstation (!) Checklist Your workstation: Materials and supplies that should be present at your workstation prior to beginning this lab are listed below.
Student workstation Material Quantity (!) E. coli starter plate 1 ” Poured agar plates (1 LB, 2 LB/amp, 1 LB/amp/ara) 4 ” Transformation solution 1 ” LB nutrient broth 1 ” Inoculation loops 7 (1 pk of 10) ” Pipets 5 ” Foam microcentrifuge tube holder/float 1 ” Container (such as foam cup) full of crushed ice (not cubed ice)1 ” Marking pen 1 ” Copy of Quick Guide 1 ” Microcentrifuge tubes 2 ”
Common workstation. A list of materials, supplies, and equipment that should be present at a common location to be accessed by your team is also listed below. Material Quantity Rehydrated pGLO plasmid 1 vial ” 42°C water bath and thermometer 1 ” UV Light 1 ” 37°C incubator 1 ” (optional, see General Laboratory Skills–Incubation) 2–20 µl adjustable volume micropipets 1 ” 2–20 µl micropipet tips 1 ”

STUDENT MANUAL LESSON 2
Transformation Procedure 1. Label one closed micro test tube +pGLO and another -pGLO. Label both tubes with your group’s name. Place them in the foam tube rack.
2. Open the tubes and, using a sterile transfer pipet, transfer 250 µl of transformation solution (CaCl2) into each tube.

+pGLO
+pGLO-pGLO
-pGLO
Transformation Solution
250 µl

STUDENT MANUAL LESSON 2
3. Place the tubes on ice.
4. Use a sterile loop to pick up 2–4 large colonies of bacteria from your starter plate. Select starter colonies that are “fat” (ie: 1–2 mm in diameter). It is important to take individual colonies (not a swab of bacteria from the dense portion of the plate), since the bacteria must be actively growing to achieve high transforation efficiency. Choose only bacterial colonies that are uniformly circular with smooth edges. Pick up the +pGLO tube and immerse the loop into the transformation solution at the bottom of the tube. Spin the loop between your index finger and thumb until the entire colony is dispersed in the transformation solution (with no floating chunks). Place the tube back in the tube rack in the ice. Using a new sterile loop, repeat for the -pGLO tube.
5. Examine the pGLO DNA solution with the UV lamp. Note your observations. Immerse a new sterile loop into the pGLO plasmid DNA stock tube. Withdraw a loopful. There should be a film of plasmid solution across the ring. This is similar to seeing a soapy film across a ring for blowing soap bubbles. Mix the loopful into the cell suspension of the +pGLO tube. Optionally, pipet 10 µl of pGLO plasmid into the +pGLO tube & mix. Do not add plasmid DNA to the -pGLO tube. Close both the +pGLO and -pGLO tubes and return them to the rack on ice.

+pGLO
Ice
(+pGLO)
pGLO Plasmid DNA (+pGLO) (-pGLO)
(-pGLO)
+pGLO

STUDENT MANUAL LESSON 2
6. Incubate the tubes on ice for 10 min. Make sure to push the tubes all the way down in the rack so the bottom of the tubes stick out and make contact with the ice.
7. While the tubes are sitting on ice, label your four LB nutrient agar plates on the bottom (not the lid) as follows:

• Label one LB/amp plate: + pGLO

• Label the LB/amp/ara plate: + pGLO • Label the other LB/amp plate: – pGLO

• Label the LB plate: – pGLO
8. Heat shock. Using the foam rack as a holder, transfer both the (+) pGLO and (-) pGLO tubes into the water bath, set at 42oC, for exactly 50 sec. Make sure to push the tubes all the way down in the rack so the bottom of the tubes stick out and make contact with the warm water. Double-check the temperature of the water bath with two thermometers to ensure accuracy. When the 50 sec are done, place both tubes back on ice. For the best transformation results, the transfer from the ice (0°C) to 42°C and then back to the ice must be rapid. Incubate tubes on ice for 2 min.

Water bath
L B /
a m p pGLO
L B / a m p / a r a pGLO
L B / a m p pGLO
L
B pGLO
Rack
Ice 42°C for 50 sec Ice
Ice

STUDENT MANUAL LESSON 2
9. Remove the rack containing the tubes from the ice and place on the bench top. Open a tube and, using a new sterile pipet, add 250 µl of LB nutrient broth to the tube and reclose it. Repeat with a new sterile pipet for the other tube. Incubate the tubes for 10 min at room temperature.
10.Gently flick the closed tubes with your finger to mix and resuspend the bacteria. Using a new sterile pipet for each tube, pipet 100 µl of the transformation and control suspensions onto the appropriate nutrient agar plates.

STUDENT MANUAL LESSON 2
11. Use a new sterile loop for each plate. Spread the suspensions evenly around the surface of the LB nutrient agar by quickly skating the flat surface of a new sterile loop back and forth across the plate surface. DO NOT PRESS TOO DEEP INTO THE AGAR. Uncover one plate at a time and re-cover immediately after spreading the suspension of cells. This will minimize contamination.
12.Stack up your plates and tape them together. Put your group name and class period on the bottom of the stack and place the stack of plates upside down in the 37°C incubator until the next day. The plates are inverted to prevent condensation on the lid which may drip onto the culture and interfere with your results.

STUDENT MANUAL LESSON 2
Answer the following questions.
1. On which of the plates would you expect to find bacteria most like the original non-transformed E. coli colonies you initially observed? Explain your predictions.
2. If there are any genetically transformed bacterial cells, on which plate(s) would they most likely be located? Explain your predictions.
3. Which plates should be compared to determine if any genetic transformation has occurred? Why?
4. What is meant by a control plate? What purpose does a control serve?

What is the difference between an act being an actual cause versus a proximate cause of an injury? Give example.

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1-What is the difference between an act being an actual cause versus a proximate cause of an injury? Give example.

2-You are blamed for some act (e.g. shooting someone’s donkey). What’s the difference between offering an excuse for it vs. offering a justification for it? How is this difference reflected in the definition of blame?

3-The accused smokes a cigarette. When he’s finished, he throws the still-smoking remnant in dry brush. A few minutes after he leaves the area, a light breeze arises. The cigarette ignites the brush and burns down an adjacent copse of trees. Is the accused at fault for destroying the trees? More importantly, why would the accused be guilty or not guilty given what you’ve learned about causation and fault?

What are the economic and environmental implications of the regional airport expansions at Nottingham East Midlands airport and West Midlands International airports for the Midlands.

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Dissertation Title: Examples
1. Public Sector Economics: public transport, health care system, pension scheme, education, welfare, etc.

• A look at the various differences between the UK and the Middle East: Taxation.

• Rail transport in Europe • Recent railway accidents and how it has affected the railway industry.

• Is the UK benefit system an incentive to find work? Case studies: Young single parents and college leavers • The cost of education in the UK.

• The effect of an ageing population upon an economy.

• With the increasing ageing population, will the current pension scheme able to cope?

• UK pensions policy: economic effects and future changes.

• Inefficiency within the NHS.

• Is the NHS fulfilling its objective? Could the NHS do better?

• The cost and benefits of road transport.

• The economics of tolled motorways.

• The funding and financial structure of the NHS: A critique.

• Income inequality in current China: its implications on the social economy and some suggestions.

• Gender inequality in education and its effect on poverty: A cross-state study of India.

• A critical evaluation of how the NHS is financed and alternative models.

• Pension schemes in the UK: Is there a problem with publicly funded/state pension?

• A comparative analysis of higher education funding in countries in Europe.

• Privatisation: A case study on British Rail.

• The rationale and effectiveness of family planning programs.

• The optimal balance between an efficient and fair allocation of health care in a national context.

• Investigating participation rates of post-compulsory education in the UK.

• The privatization of the British Rail: A social welfare analysis.

• An econometric analysis of the demand for road transport within the united Kingdom from 1965 to 2000 • Investigating the trade-off between defense, health and education expenditures:

A time series analysis of the US economy 1970-2002.

• How different are income and consumption taxes.

• When and to what extent is PFI appropriate as a method of public sector service provision?

• A comparison between health services in the United Kingdom and France.

• Pension plans and their effect on personal savings: Evidence from the UK.
2. Finance, Investment, Banking, Monetary Economics: modelling financial series, portfolio management, financial crisis, monetary policy, etc.

• The role of monetary policy and its effectiveness in controlling the rate of inflation.

• The effect of debt crisis in Argentina • Analysis of the strategy undertaken by a Cypriot bank.

• Does asset price volatility affect the real economy?

• The Asian tigers economic crisis.

• Implications of the Government debt on crowding out in the UK economy.

• How effective are monetary and fiscal policy 1.
• The effectiveness of some simple stock market investment strategies.

• Monetary policy in developing countries.

• Testing the validity of the Efficient Market Hypothesis.

• The use of bond future in portfolio management: An empirical analysis of the effectiveness of the theoretical portfolio hedge • The determinants of investment: an econometric study.

• The ups and downs of the stock markets and trying to come up on top.

• A critical analysis of portfolio investment theories.

• Is it financially viable to insure against the risks of the stock market?

• The German and English banking systems: A comparison; which one is better for customers? Which one is better for firms?

• Argentina’s disaster, the IMF and the World Bank.

• Tax evasion and the government revenue.

• What similarities are there in the types of firms in the FTSE 100 and NYSE? • How does the central bank work in financial markets in the US?

• Factors affecting the performance of shares in Hong Kong after the Asian financial crisis.

• Japan’s financial crisis and its banking system.

• Evaluation of the efficient market hypothesis (EMH) in the stock market.

• The economic impact of mandatory provident fund (MPF) in Hong Kong.

• The examination of CEO compensations of US banks and bank holding companies (financial services)

• Stockholding in Cyprus.

• The link exchange rate system in Hong Kong.

• Major market shocks and their implications.

• To what extent does payment card fraud affect UK bank profitability and bank stakeholders? Does this justify fraud prevention?

• The impact of Central Bank independence on price stability: Does independence lead to increased price stability?

• Analysis of the weak and semi-strong forms of efficiency in SGX (Singapore Exchange)

• An assessment of financial assets.

• A study of managing risk using financial futures (behaviour approach) • Inflation targeting and its economic impact in the UK.

• A review of UK stock market efficiency using the random walk model.

• Optimal rate of inflation for transition economies:

Case study; the central bank of Armenia.

• Evaluating the Swedish monetary policy using the Taylor rule as a guideline for the time period 1995M1-2000M6.

• Are macroeconomic variables such as GDP, inflation, interest rate, unit wage cost, play significant role in determining UK’s unemployment rate? Is China heading towards a financial crisis?

• The determinant factors on stock prices: How debt, dividends, insider share holdings and institutional investors ownership and firm size affect the stock price.
3. International Trade.

• Trading with China.

• Does international trade and integration lead to economic growth?

• Developing countries’ gains and losses from international trade.

• Currency unions and trade: To what extent does a currency union affect trade?

• Economic effect of a dictatorship upon the country in question and international trade 2
• Gains and losses from International trade for the UK.

• The impact on China and other countries after China entered the World Trade Organization.

• The importance of international trade in developing countries.

• Foreign direct investment in China: Determinants and impact.

• The economic implications of opening borders to Cyprus.

• The effect of the banana crisis on the Jamaican and British economies.

• Export and import trade in garments between UK and Hong Kong.

• To what extent are the gains to developing countries from trade liberalisation exaggerated?

• Foreign direct investment and wages: Evidence from USA and China.

• Evaluating the effect of exchange rate changes on trade balances in the short and long run in China and the UK.

• The roles of exchange rate and exchange rate regime in China’s export.
4. Economic Development and Growth.

• Poverty in Nigeria. what should be done?

• Estimating the effect of international aid on development in Uganda or Malawi.

• The effects of a multinational cooperation on a developing country.

• The impact of external debt on economic growth in Uganda in the 1980s and 90s.

• The problems faced by Brazil in achieving economic growth: the constraints on reform.

• To what extent have the Labour’s measures to reduce poverty within the UK been successful?

• What are the economic and environmental implications of the regional airport expansions at Nottingham East Midlands airport and West Midlands International airports for the Midlands.

• How successful have international financial institutions such as the World Bank and IMF been in helping economies recover from financial crises?

• Population growth and economic development.

• The role of multinationals in economic development.

• The impact of education on economic growth in China.

• WTO and economic development in China.

• The effects of foreign investment on the Chinese economy.

• Trade policies and economic growth.

• Examining the effects of a debt burden whilst trying to achieve economic growth in Mexico (1970-2000)

• The economic consequences of child labour.

• What influence does income inequality, foreign aid and poverty have on economic growth in the Brazilian economy?

• The future economic growth in China as a result of recent and proposed policy implementation.

• Foreign aid and economic growth in India: An econometric analysis using time series data.

• An empirical investigation testing the predictions of the SOlow Model to the recent economic growth experienced in India.

• ‘Super’ casinos will be built in the UK in 2006: Will they reduce unemployment and promote economic growth?

• Analysing the extent to which the oil reserves in Nigeria have contributed to its current state of poverty.

• Has the foreign aid donated to Tanzania been a significant factor in the achievement of economic growth over the past two decades?

• An investigation into the poverty reduction methods used in India: Are they successful in alleviating poverty?
• Does the central bank independence affect the economic growth rates in African countries in the period 1990-1997? • Immigration in the UK over the period 1971-2001: Causes and impact on GDP and GDP per capita • The key to development in Nigeria: Resource curse or debt overhang?

• Analysis of the Bulgarian Foreign trade after the years of economic transition: Development, tendencies and impact on the economy.
5. Labour Economics

• The European labour force

• A study on the effects of the introduction of the minimum wage.

• Discrimination against women in the labour market.

• European unemployment.

• Employment in the UK.

• Causes of unemployment in the UK and the trade-off with inflation.

• Different patterns in occupations and and earning throughout the labour market.

• Henry Ford’s $5 workday: A discussion of the theory of efficiency wages.

• The changing role of women in the labour force and its effect on society: Comparing UK, USA & Africa

• The change in working practices within the UK.

• The role of racial discrimination in the labour market.

• Human capital: what determines individuals’ wage rate.

• To what extent does there appear to be discrimination in the labour market, and if so what are the economic effect of such a bias?

• Assessing the determinants of earning for single parents using the UK family resource survey 1999/2000.

• The effect of minimum wages on foreign domestic helpers’ employment in Hong Kong.

• Immigrants and factors affecting their hourly wages in the UK.

• The effect of immigration on wages in the UK: 1996-2000 • Is child labour unambiguously ruinous for a country, purely in an economical context?

• What effect has the introduction of a National Minimum Wage had on employment in the United Kingdom?

• Regional unemployment disparities in the UK: A case based on the South East region.

• Analysis of minimum wage policy on employment and its feasibility in Hong Kong.
6. Microeconomics: oligopoly, collusion, cartel, competition policy, etc.

• Collusion and law.

• How effective is advertising as a barrier to entry?

• The advantages of R & D and innovation in competitive markets • Marketing strategies and research as a business approach.

• The theory behind mergers and benefits to industry.

• Economic regulation of monopolies in the UK and USA.

• Price discrimination in the UK car industry.

• Industrial concentration with the record industry.

• The use of internet as a marketing and sales device.

• Competition in the British wine market 4.
• Does empirical evidence back up the point of theoretical barriers to entry?

• Price discrimination in the European car market.

• Hostile takeovers

• The effects that government regulations have on monopoly power.

• The strategy and managerial turnaround of Marks and Spencer.

• The effect of mergers on the UK banking sector.

• Profitability related to market structure.

• Strategic profile of the BMW motor group and selected acquisitions.

• Copyright in the entertainment industry.

• Barriers to enter in the UK competitive market.

• Are the firms in the mobile phone industry oligopolies?

• The role of information in product selection and advertising.

• Competitiveness of Hong Kong among the Tigers.

• The announcement of mergers and acquisitions on shareholder value.

• Reputation, predation, management and strategic behaviour of supermarkets.

• The theory of asymmetric information with financial markets: The principle-agent and rogue trader problems.

• OPEC: Group behaviour and bounded rationality.

• A theoretical and empirical survey into the effects of asymmetric information on the automobile insurance markets, and the role that experience rating plays.

• The impact of low-cost carrier entry to the air-transport market: Competitive advantage, efficiency gains and future implications.

• Geographical price discrimination in the English car market.

• Through the evolution and application of Game Theory can we understand more clearly utility as a measure of psychological fulfillment?

• Entry deterrence in imperfectly competitive supermarket firms in Hong Kong.

• Barriers to entry: Theory and evidence, corporate diversification, motivation and outcomes.

• Competition in the fixed line telecommunication market.
7. European Union: economics of integration, EU policy, single currency, etc.

• Should the UK enter the single currency? • Monetary integration: costs and benefits to the UK.

• Analysing the economic rationale for the UK’s membership of the European single currency.

• The UK and EU: economic gains and losses.

• Pressure to reduce car prices in the UK to match the European norm.

• UK and the European Monetary Union: A discussion of the economic benefits and costs.

• Should Britain enter the EU or adopt Euro?

• The effects of a single currency on an economy.

• Will entering the single currency affect the NHS?

• The economic implications of the UK entering into the European single currency.

• How joining and staying out of the single currency will affect the UK’s economy and prosperity

• An economic analysis of the EU common agricultural policy (CAP)

• Should Britain join the Euro? Is the economic and monetary union economically viable for Britain?

• How might EU enlargement affect the UK’s economy in the short-run and in the long-run?

• The effects of European economic integration on FDI determinants: The impact of Euro on UK level of FDI
• Are the broad restraints of the European single currency too restrictive to allow a group of nations to flourish?

• The impact of the EU enlargement during 2000-2004 on the wages in the UK.

• Have European business cycles converged due to monetary integration?
8. Environmental Economics and Tourism.

• Tourism in Ghana (the land of hospitality)

• The externalities that arise from landfill and incineration.

• Environmental pollution (externalities) as a result of global warming.

• International terrorism and its economic impact on tourism in the UK and USA.

• The economics of traffic congestion and an analysis of the solution.

• Live music: excess volume as an externality.

• Sustainable development: The transposition of the end of life vehicles directive in the UK.

• The economics of congestion.

• The dynamic nature of holiday markets in the UK.

• A study of the London traffic congestion charge.

• The effect of congestion charges in major cities.

• Road usage in the UK: An empirical and econometric analysis.

• Tourism in Kenya: An empirical analysis on the effect of tourism on economic growth in the country.

• Economics of tourism: a case study on the impact of environmental issues in Malta
9. Property Market • The UK property market.

• Fluctuations in house prices • What factors influence the differences in regional house prices across the UK?

• A study of how the increase in the UK house prices over the last fifteen years affected the ability of first time buyers to get onto the property ladder.

• Property market in Hong Kong.

• A look at boom and bust: examining factors which affect UK house prices • Explaining house price variations between regions across the UK via the ripple effect hypothesis: How do the labour market structure and government policies affect such variations?

• Regional variations in the UK house prices: An empirical and comparative analysis of panel data between 1985-2003 • The effects of demographic age structure upon UK house prices.

• Causes of UK house price volatility and its macroeconomic effects.

• The relationship between oil prices and house prices in the Uk economy • The impact of rising house prices on the UK economy
10. Alcohol, Tobacco, Black Markets and Piracy: drugs market, illicit distilling, illegal immigration, pirate software and CDs etc.

• The economics of the illegal immigrant problem (in the UK)

• Has the introduction of home CD writers had a significant effect on the UK music industry?

• Underground economics: A study into the illegal re-sale of event tickets.

• Economic effects and consequences of alcohol/cigarette consumption in the UK 6
• Entry of pirated compact discs into the music/software industry in Singapore.

• The economic viability of legalizing cannabis in the UK

• Alcohol and tobacco: strain or gain to the United Kingdom’s economy?

• The effect of supply side enforcement policies on the illicit drugs market

• The illicit drugs market in the UK: Social costs and the government intervention.

• Tobacco consumption in the UK • The economics of tobacco taxation: How does excise tax affect the level and dem and of smoking in the United Kingdom?

• How does alcohol consumption affect the labour force participation rate in the US?

• Analysis and solutions for UK binge drinking.

• Unemployment and criminal activity: Is there a significant relationship?

• Piracy and the copyright industry.

• Change in income and consumption of tobacco in the US in the last 30 years.

• Illicit drug use and the UK labour market: An empirical analysis of its effect on the productivity and wages of young adults.
11. Others

• Restructuring a state-run economy through privatisation: Zambia as a case study.

• Does the “North-South divide” still exist? If yes, then where is the divide?

• The UK car market.

• The effect of the world trade tower disaster on American Airlines.

• The problems of an ageing population.

• The economic consequences of the September 11 attacks in America.

• HBSO: an agency problem or a business strategy?

• The economic effects of tobacco regulations.

• Diversification of KEO wine company in Cyprus.

• Economics of gambling • Immigration and the domestic economy.

• Does the Catholic Church behave as a multinational firm?

• How does SARS affect the Hong Kong business economy?

• The role of oil in Nigeria.

• The economic implications of the foot and mouth disease.

• The economics of terrorism.

• High street clothing stores vs. designer labels.

• The impact of oil discovery in Nigeria on the country’s agricultural industry.

• The effect of oil prices on the British economy.

• Efficiency in sports betting markets.

• The implementation and implication of a cashless economy.

• An essay on the economics and politics of prison privatization.

• Economics of gangsters.

• Film entertainment industry in the USA.

• Are Western countries such as the US and the UK still at risk of stagflation and a higher unemployment rate given OPEC’s ability to increase oil prices?

• The effect of demographic transition on an economy, with special reference to the UK economy.

• The impact of the BSE crisis of 1996 on beef and milk prices in the UK.

• The economic regeneration of London Docklands.

• Mining vs. the Zambian economy: The impact of copper mining on Zambia 7.
• The internet and its economic impact on the UK music industry.

• A critical introduction to hyperbolic discounting: several applications.

• Migration of Jews and the growth and stability of Israel.

• Analysis of non-durable luxury good industry

• Overall view of the Macau industry: how much impact does the gaming industry have on the economy and country?

• Evaluating the effects of 2008 Olympic Games to Beijing economy.

What is the difference between an act being an actual cause versus a proximate cause of an injury? Give example.

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1-What is the difference between an act being an actual cause versus a proximate cause of an injury? Give example.

2-You are blamed for some act (e.g. shooting someone’s donkey). What’s the difference between offering an excuse for it vs. offering a justification for it? How is this difference reflected in the definition of blame?

3-The accused smokes a cigarette. When he’s finished, he throws the still-smoking remnant in dry brush. A few minutes after he leaves the area, a light breeze arises. The cigarette ignites the brush and burns down an adjacent copse of trees. Is the accused at fault for destroying the trees? More importantly, why would the accused be guilty or not guilty given what you’ve learned about causation and fault?

Prepare a ten-page paper on the supervisor and manager as an effective leader- compare and contrast the principles of leadership,leadership styles,leadership traits,effective decision making and motivation/employee performance.

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Textbooks-
Effective Police Supervision 8th edition. Larry S. Miller
Police Administration (Tenth Edition) Gary W. Cordner

Prepare a ten-page paper on the supervisor and manager as an effective leader. This includes, but is not limited to comparing and contrasting the following issues relating to contemporary techniques for supervision, management, and leadership: principles of leadership, leadership styles, leadership traits, effective decision making, and motivation/employee performance.

Use the two textbooks as a source, along with at least two other credible sources,
such as other books, articles, or journals.

Analyze and recommend whether Tacy should be an employee of GC or an independent contractor?  Explain why.

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General Instructions for Learning Activities   

  • Read all assigned materials listed at the bottom of instructions
  • Cite to assigned materials in all responses in Learning Activities
  • Use only assigned materials to complete Learning Activities; do not use the internet unless otherwise instructed
  • Include in-text citations and a Reference List for in-text citations
  • Write in correct, complete sentences, in paragraph format unless otherwise instructed

Tips for Formatting and Structuring Analysis:

  • Write in complete sentences in paragraph format.
  • Use in-text citations citing to relevant assignment materials.
  • Double space; 12-point Arial or Times Roman font.
  • Introductory Sentence: Begin with an introductory sentence or very brief paragraph that states your conclusion to the questions asked.
  • Concluding Sentence: End the discussion with a concluding sentence or a very brief paragraph that summarizes your conclusion/what you discussed.
  • Support Arguments and Positions:  Refer to the module in Content, “How to Support Arguments and Positions”.

Read

Background Facts:  You and Winnie and Ralph are discussing GC’s plan to hire George Tacy as an agent for recruitment and hiring computer/IT employees.  You all recognize the importance of having a clearly defined agency agreement, and there are different types of agents.

  1. Analyze and recommend whether Tacy should be an employee of GC or an independent contractor?  Explain why.

References and in-Text Citation

Use in-text citations and a Reference List in APA format to cite the course resource(s) used – an in-text citation cannot exist without a corresponding Reference List, and a Reference List cannot exist without a corresponding in-text citation.

When doing the in-text citation always include the Chapters, sections and page numbers

NO EXTERNAL SOURCES WILL BE USED ONLY CLASS RESOURCES.

Class textbook links. Click on the chapters to open the links. Example of in-text citation of the textbook .

APA General Citation Rule for In-text Citations: When there is no author given for a book, use the title of the book and the publication date.

The title of the book should be in italics; the publisher and publication date are not in italics.

How to cite a Saylor e-textbook or any e-textbook in an intext citation:

(Government Regulation and the Legal Environment of Business, 2012. Chapter 20. Section, 20.1 Introduction to Agency and the Types of Agents. para. 7).

How to cite an e-textbook in the listing of References:

References

Government Regulation and the Legal Environment of Business (2012).  Saylor Academy.

Saylor e-textbook

Online website approved by professor. Include author’s name and publication date, paraphrase numbers and page number (if available) in the intext citation.

Major Concepts:

Major Concepts:

How do you see global health concerns impacting your community? Identify one way that you can implement population health in your community or workplace.

/in /by

CO 9: Examine future trends in community health nursing, including the impact of information systems and evidence-based practice. (PO 8)
Discussion
Review this week’s lesson and assigned reading on the nurses’ role in population health, and reflect on what you have learned in this course. Address the following questions.

What future concerns are likely to impact public health?
How do you see global health concerns impacting your community?
Identify one way that you can implement population health in your community or workplace.
Share specific examples.

Demonstrate, via the application of that knowledge, how you processed the information to identify and prioritize key nursing problems and formulate nursing diagnoses. (Identify problems)

/in /by

In the WRITTEN component, working independently and using the provided template, you will be required to analyze the data gathered during the VIVA to;

•Demonstrate your ability to recall relevant knowledge (i.e. physiology/pathophysiology) that underpins the clinical scenario. (Process information)

•Demonstrate, via the application of that knowledge, how you processed the information to identify and prioritize key nursing problems and formulate nursing diagnoses. (Identify problems)

•Articulate goals of care (desired patient outcomes) and detail nursing actions/interventions you would perform to address that problem. Provide rationale for all nursing actions utilizing principles of evidence-based care. (Establish Goals; Take Action)

•Briefly describe how you would evaluate nursing interventions/actions provided. (Evaluate Outcomes)

•Reflect on your collegial practice and performance in this simulated episode of care with direct reference to the RN Standards for Practice (NMBA 2016). (Reflection)

•It is expected that you will engage with appropriate scholarly literature, the contemporary nursing practice evidence base, practice documents, guidelines and protocols to substantiate your clinical judgements and exploration of the scenarios.
Demonstrates ability to independently formulate a justified plan of nursing care for the client experiencing acute and chronic health problems, by responding to the assessments made and issues identified in the clinical scenario, and by implementing appropriate nursing actions and clinical interventions.
Need to be referenced with Harvard referencing style, (Australian resources), check rubric as reference is needed in almost all category. Research needed to be done , apply clinical reasoning cycle. Need to write in template provided.
I have attached resources, case, rubric and other information, write a good grade assignment as its worth 40% of total marks.I will add extra resources if i got more.

What downsizing targeting methods do you feel are the most effective? Which are the least effective, and why?

/in /by

Course: Strategic Staffing
Book: Strategic Staffing – Jean Phillips, 4th Edition (I have online access to the book, if needed)
DB should be 300 words (min)
The journal should be 400 words. (min)

DB #1 – Chapter 12
If you had to discharge an employee who you thought had the potential for violence, what would you do?

Journal #1 – Chapter 12
What downsizing targeting methods do you feel are the most effective? Which are the least effective, and why?

DB #2 – Chapter 13
In your opinion, what three metrics might a university use to evaluate the effectiveness of its efforts to fill instructor positions?

What is the slope of the plotted data? What is the value (including units), and what does it mean?

/in /by

The Photoelectric Effect (at home)

Purpose:To investigate the nature of the photoelectric effect and determine the work function of an unknown metal

Apparatus: Computer, Simulation: “Photoelectric Effect” (available at https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/photoelectric), spreadsheet software (Microsoft Excel or equivalent)

Discussion

When light shines on a polished, unoxidized metal surface, electrons can be ejected from the metal. This is the photoelectric effect, a cornerstone of our understanding of light as a particle. When we discuss to the particle nature of light, we refer to light particles as “photons.” The use of photons to generate an electric signal is used in light-activated circuits and in the soundtrack strip of cinematic films. It was Einstein’s explanation of the photoelectric effect, not his work on relativity, that was honored in his Nobel Prize.

Procedure

PART A: EXPLORATION

Step 1:  Open the simulation. It runs in Java so if you have problems open it in another browser. If there are still problems make sure Java is installed. Get it running somehow. Set the metal to Sodium and the wavelength to 400 nm. In the Options menu, select “Show photons.”

Step 2:  Slowly move the intensity slider from 0% to 100% and observe the photoelectric effect. The electrons emitted from the metal are called “photoelectrons.” They have the same mass and charge as any other electron.

Step 3:  Move the wavelength selector back and forth and observe the results. Try changing the intensity at various wavelengths to see what effect that has.

Step 4:  Carefully find the threshold wavelength for sodium. What is the wavelength of the lowest energy light at which electrons are emitted?

Threshold wavelength = ____________________ nm

Step 5:  Use the threshold wavelength ( λ0) to calculate the threshold frequency (f0). Show the calculation and solution.

Step 6:  Use the threshold frequency (f0) to calculate the work function of sodium. Show the calculation and solution.

Step 7:  Set the wavelength to 400 nm and intensity to 100%. Notice the value of the current in the circuit. Adjust the setting on the battery to cut off the current. That is, set the voltage so that the current is just barely brought to zero.  cut-off potential at 400 nm = ________________ volts

Step 8:  Change the wavelength by 100 nm in such a way that there is once again current.  wavelength = ____________________ nm

 

PART B: PHOTOCIRCUIT EXPERIMENT

Step 1:  Switch the metal to zinc.

Step 2:  Find the threshold frequency and the work function for zinc. Record your data and calculations in the space below.

Step 3:  From the “threshold frequency arrangement,” set the wavelength to a smaller value by no fewer than 20 nm and no more than 40 nm. Record the new wavelength.

Step 4:  Adjust the stopping potential of the battery so that it just barely stops the current. Notice that there are two methods for adjusting the potential. Use the method that allows for greater precision. When the condition is met, electrons are ejected from the zinc and almost make it to the opposite electrode. But they return to the zinc, and the current remains zero. Record the minimum stopping potential for this wavelength.

Step 5:  Repeat the process of reducing the wavelength by 20—40 nm and changing the stopping potential. Mix it up a bit! Record the wavelength.

Step 6:  Repeat until you have four data sets.

Step 7:  Make an appropriate data table in the spreadsheet software (Excel). Include wavelength λ, stopping potential V, incident photon energy E, and ejected photoelectron energy KE.

  1. What is the equation for photon energy?
  2. What is the equation for the kinetic energy of photoelectron?

Step 8: Make a graph of photoelectron energy vs. incident light frequency.

Step 9: How can the graph be used to determine the value of the work function?

Step 10: What is the slope of the plotted data? What is the value (including units), and what does it mean?

PART C: CALCIUM

Step 1: Change the metal to calcium.

Step 2: Repeat the photo circuit experiment.

Step 3: What are the similarities and differences for the calcium results compared to the zinc results?

GOING FURTHER: MYSTERY METAL

What is the metal labeled “?????”? Describe the method used, record appropriate data, and show calculations.