Posts

Discuss potential biotech applications connected with public health measurements that will help to improve the prevention of cerebrovascular accidents.

/in /by

Biotech applications

Cerebrovascular insufficiency refers to a number of rare conditions that result in the obstruction of one or more arteries that supply blood to the brain. The obstruction leads to strokes or transient ischemic attacks (TIAs or “mini strokes”). The prevention of cerebrovascular accidents plays a significant role in the clinical outcome.

Question for discussion: Discuss potential biotech applications connected with public health measurements that will help to improve the prevention of cerebrovascular accidents. Provide specific examples. ( must be not more than 300 words)

Write a 2-3 page paper. Pretend you are an entrepreneur selling a good or a service. Briefly describe your product and then, using your business as an example.

/in /by

Business Question

Write a 2-3 page paper. Pretend you are an entrepreneur selling a good or a service. Briefly describe your product and then, using your business as an example, explain the following:

What is the difference between a good and a service?, How do businesses make money (use the R-E=P equation)?, What is the relationship between risk and reward and where do you stand on the risk-reward continuum?, What is the definition of “stakeholder” and name 3 stakeholders for your business, What is the definition of outsourcing and would you outsource a portion of your business, why or why not?

R=Revenue E=Expenses P=Profit

 

Write a program that calculates the total amount of a meal purchased at a restaurant. Calculate the amounts of an 18 percent tip and a 7 percent sales tax.

/in /by

DISCUSSION ESSAY

Write a program that calculates the total amount of a meal purchased at a restaurant. The program should ask the user to enter the charge for the food, then calculate the amounts of an 18 percent tip and a 7 percent sales tax. Display each of these amounts and the total.

After your read the program directions, for those of you wondering where to start…remember INPUT, PROCESSING, OUTPUT

Design – Think of what variables you will need. Perhaps write them out on scratch paper. Make your variables have MEANINGFUL names so that you know WHY you are creating them and the purpose they will serve.

Below are design instructions. Once you have completed this assignment you will upload the text file with your Python code. Also, in comments put in your repl.it link from browser like you did for program 1.99

MAKE SURE you put Comments at top of program, listing your name, Name of your program, and a brief description of your program.

INPUT SECTION

The program should ask the user to input the charge for food.

PROCESSING SECTION

Your program will calculate the amount for an 18 percent tip and 7 percent sales tax. NOTE: The tip is calculated BEFORE you add in the tax. In other words, if I had a 10.00 charge for food, my tip would be 18% of 10.00, which is 1.80

Tax is ALSO calculated on JUST the amount of food purchased. Again, if I had bought 10.00 worth of food, tax of 7% of 10.00 would be .70 cents

OUTPUT

want 2 digits of precision to the right of decimal point for output

Sample output run is shown below. User input is highlighted in bold

Enter the charge for food: 78.54

Tip: $ 14.14

Tax: $ 5.50

Total: $ 98.17

 

How is “The Speech of Polly Baker” a satire? What is satirized in the speech and how does Franklin satirize it?

/in /by

“The Speech of Miss Polly Baker” written by Benjamin Franklin

How is “The Speech of Polly Baker” a satire? What is satirized in the speech and how does Franklin satirize it? Remember to include specific quotes in your response.

How does racial segregation affect Trevor and his family members? Consider the limitations on the jobs, school completion, neighborhood, and relationships that they experienced due to segregation. What similarities exist between what Trevor and his family experiences to those living here in the U.S.?

/in /by

CASE STUDY

Write a 3-4 page essay, about 750-1000 words, double-spaced. Your essay will demonstrate your reading and understanding of the memoir Born a Crime. You will use Beverly Daniel Tatum’s “The Complexity of Identity Links to an external site.” as a secondary source, along with one more source of your choice. This source can be a video, a newspaper article, or an interview. Your essay will have a works cited page (not counted as a page of the essay length requirement) and will follow MLA formatting. Below are the topics–please choose one.

1-Criminality is a theme that runs through Noah’s memoir Born a Crime. Indeed, crime is so central that the author takes the idea in his title. In your essay, you will examine the role of criminality in Apartheid-era South Africa. How was crime perceived by Trevor and his community? How does crime affect them during apartheid? Do you feel that the laws passed during this time are just or unjust? Consider how Trevor’s identity centers him as a crime, but also at times, how his identity helps him to evade prosecution or suspicion?

2-In what ways does Noah’s racial or linguistic identity affect his experiences with his own family, friends, school, community, or the law? In what ways does his unique identity contribute to experiences and spaces that are both “dominant and subordinate” as described by Beverly Daniel Tatum.

3-How does racial segregation affect Trevor and his family members? Consider the limitations on the jobs, school completion, neighborhood, and relationships that they experienced due to segregation. What similarities exist between what Trevor and his family experiences to those living here in the U.S.?

Describe the role and effectiveness of the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC). Compare Curitiba, Brazil and Portland, Oregon (Core Case Study, Chapter 22) as ecocities. Use the Three Scientific Principles of Sustainability in your comparisons.

/in /by

Final exam

Answer the following 21 questions listed below will help you prepare me for my final Exam. These questions are not taken verbatim from the exam and do not cover every topic area associated with the final exam

1. Make a numbered list of five ways in which you unnecessarily waste energy during a typical day and explain how these actions violate any of the scientific principles of sustainability.

2. Use the law of conservation of matter (mass) and the two laws of thermodynamics (energy) to explain why even recycling and reuse cannot lead to sustainability, especially on a planet with an exponentially growing population using ever-increasing amounts of energy and materials and producing ever-increasing amounts of waste.

3. Why do we need to make a new energy transition over the next few decades?

4. You are in charge of the world. Make a numbered list of the three most important components of your strategy for dealing with each of the following:
(a) solid waste, and
(b) hazardous waste.

5. Man-made chemicals are considered innocent until proven guilty – consider PCB’s, for example. What might be a better policy regarding the introduction of new chemicals into the environment, considering what we’ve learned the hard way since the beginning of the industrial revolution?

6. What are three consumption patterns or other aspects of your lifestyle that directly add greenhouse gases to the atmosphere?

7. Why are most of the largest urban areas located near water?

8. What effect might climate change due to human caused global warming have Last updated: 20 August 2018 – EVN 330- Final Exam Study Guide

9. What are (a) the major causes, (b) consequences and (c) the solutions for ocean acidification? (d) How will ocean acidification affect your children’s and grandchildren’s lives?

10. Describe the role and effectiveness of the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC).

11. Compare Curitiba, Brazil and Portland, Oregon (Core Case Study, Chapter 22) as ecocities. Use the Three Scientific Principles of Sustainability in your comparisons.

12. Explain how the US local property tax structure leads to poor land use planning and urban sprawl.

13. Apply the Three Scientific Principles of Sustainability to John Todd’s “Living Machine” (SCIENCE FOCUS 20.3) approach to waste water treatment and explain how the system works.

14. What is “environmental justice?

15. Do you believe that we have an ethical responsibility to leave the earth’s natural systems in as good a condition as they are now or better? Explain.

16. Explain how growing corn in the Midwest of the U.S. to produce ethanol and protein-rich meat can decrease the production of protein-rich seafood in the Gulf of Mexico (Core Case Study, Chapter.).

17. Consider Donella Meadows’ contrast between neoclassical economics and  ecological economics (pp. 648-650; Using Lessons from Nature to Make the Transition).

18. What viewpoints are summarized in Chapter 25?

19. Do you agree or disagree with Theologian Thomas Berry views that the industrial–consumer society built on the human-centered, planetary management environmental worldview the “supreme pathology of all history.” He says, “We can break the mountains apart; we can drain the rivers and flood the valleys.

How these models relate to one another varies with each circumstance In your opinion, which model may be the most important?

/in /by

Discussion

Generally speaking, bioethics helps determine what is responsible by considering four fundamental principles: autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice. The principle of autonomy is about respecting people and their free will. Beneficence and nonmaleficence are two sides of the same coin: doing what is helpful and not doing what is harmful. Justice, in this context, has to do with fairness in giving out benefits and risks.

Using your own words, answer the following questions:

  1. How these models relate to one another varies with each circumstance
  2. In your opinion, which model may be the most important?

Models:

  1. Ethic of Care Model
  2. Narrative Ethics Model
  3. Complementary/Alternative Medicine (CAM)

 

What are the 2-3 most critical points that must be presented in the memo to accurately summarize the nature of the crisis without going into non-essential details? Why are you focusing on these points?

/in /by

Business Communications and Executive Presence

Overview
As a leader, you will face multiple crises. While you will easily weather many bad situations, there may be some that will seriously threaten your company and your reputation. How you respond to crises, especially crises of trust, will determine your fate. You must use appropriate communication tools to emerge victorious. In your course materials, Jack identifies five principles for managing a crisis:
1. Assume the worst
2. There are no secrets
3. Your crisis management will not be portrayed favorably
4. Your organization will undergo changes
5. Your organization will come out of the crisis stronger

Additionally, Warren Buffett emphasizes four critical steps in managing a PR crisis:
1. Get it right
2. Get it fast
3. Get it out
4. Get it over

For this assignment, you will apply key concepts from your course materials to respond to a public relations crisis. NOTE: Before beginning work on this assignment, review your materials from Weeks 5 and 6.

In your Week 5 discussion question, you identified and addressed a public relations crisis that an organization faced. In this assignment, using that same crisis, you will turn your attention to crafting an internal communication in the form of a memo to be shared by email. You will write your memo from the perspective of a leader within that company. The memo will be addressed to your team members and will communicate information about the crisis and your response. Your assignment will be composed of two parts: (1) an outline of your key points and communication strategy and (2) the actual memo.

Instructions

Part One: Memo Outline
Create an outline of your memo in which you summarize four communication objectives and your strategy to achieve each of those objectives. Think of this as your “game plan.” This outline should be no more than one page in length. You may use bullets and sentence fragments if you like. The outline’s purpose is to help you organize your messaging and create a roadmap for the final version of the memo. Your outline should address the following:

1. The Nature of the Crisis
a. What are the 2-3 most critical points that must be presented in the memo to accurately summarize the nature of the crisis without going into non-essential details?
b. Why are you focusing on these points?

2. The Factors That Led to the Crisis
a. What key circumstances – decisions, mistakes, timelines, personnel, and/or departments caused the crisis?
b. Why are you focusing on these?

3. The Impact on Stakeholders (both Internal and External)
a. What are the most important adverse outcomes you want to highlight in your memo?
b. Why are you focusing on these?
c. Are there any outcomes you do NOT want to include in the memo? Why?

4. The Plan to Resolve the Crisis
a. What are the critical next steps to get through the crisis?
b. Who will own these steps, and what are the timelines?
c. What do you need from your team?
d. Why are you focusing on these actions?

Part Two: Memo
Create a 1- to 2- page internal memo to be sent to your team members via email based on your outline. Make sure you cover the following:
1. The nature of the crisis
2. The factors that led to the crisis
3. The impact on stakeholders
4. The plan, including how the company – and you – are responding to the situation, and the steps your team members should take, including what, if anything, they need to do differently

Professional Formatting Requirements:
Your assignment should follow these formatting requirements:
• Your memo should be typed, double-spaced, with a blank line between paragraphs, using a professional font (size 10-12).
• Your memo should include headings and subheadings to identify main topics and subtopics with one-inch margins on all sides.
• Your submission should include a cover page containing the assignment's title, your professor’s name, the course title, and the date.
• Application of course material or other resources is needed. References and in-text citations must be included and provide appropriate information that enables the reader to locate the original source. Use the Writing Standards Guide in the Course Documents to guide you in formatting yourcitations.

• The length of 2 to 3 pages does not include your cover page or references page.
• Begin your 1- to 2- page internal memo with the following headings aligned to the left:
o TO: Fill in your team’s name (e.g., Sales Department, Accounting Team)
o FROM: Fill in your name
o DATE: Fill in the due date
o RE: Insert an appropriate subject line

Identify a cardiac or respiratory dysfunction and its cause. Outline the key steps necessary to prevent the dysfunction and improve health status.

/in /by

Cardiac or respiratory dysfunction and its cause

Identify a cardiac or respiratory dysfunction and its cause. Outline the key steps necessary to prevent the dysfunction and improve health status.

 

What are the characteristics of a language?

/in /by

Chapter 4 Can Animals without language have beliefs?

  1. What are the characteristics of a language (MacIntyre’s rough and ready definition)
    1. A vocabulary
    2. Syntax—a set of rules that combine expressions to form sentences
    3. Semantics
  1. Types of expressions that include:
    1. Names
    2. Definite descriptions
    3. Predicates
    4. Quantifiers
    5. Indexical
    6. Logical operators
  2. Semantics also includes some conception of how language makes reference to “things”.
    1. The ability to perform speech acts—actions that are themselves speech, e.g. questioning, commanding etc.
    2. The ability to use language to serve an intelligible purpose (all purpose here is socially embedded)
  2. Two important features that MacIntyre notes about his account
    1. On his account all language is socially embedded in praxis, therefore understanding a language also requires understanding the practices of a culture
  1. Often this practical element is unnoticed, similar cultures might have similar practices and so transferring over from one practice to another is unnoticed
    1. However there are times when mistakes in language translation occur because of a lack of parallel practices e.g. how Europeans misunderstand notions of gift-giving in India
  1. These mistakes are significant for M’s account because the same kind of communication in social practice underlies both human and animal practices
    1. Disclaimer—MacIntyre realizes that this account of language is general and has a “rough and ready” nature.
  2. Four arguments which purport to claim that animals don’t have beliefs because they don’t have language.
    1. Malcolm’s argument—for convenience I’ll call it the prepositional argument.
  1. When we say the dog waits for the cat in the tree, we use ‘thought’ loosely.
  2. We do not mean that the dog formulated a proposition.
  • Since dogs don’t formulate propositions, they don’t have thoughts.
    1. MacIntyre notes that the conclusion of this argument is limited to prepositional thought. So we could say that the dog would not have any thought, unless we also say that all thoughts must be prepositional.  MacIntyre will claim that all thought need not be prepositional—i.e. translatable into some utterance.
    2. MacIntyre further notes that on Malcolm’s view the question of what dogs believe cannot even be raised.
    3. Further on Malcolm’s account questions about how dog beliefs give adequate reasons for action cannot be asked either.
    1. Davidson’s argument (stage 1)
  1. The indeterminacy of ascription of belief argument
    1. One action can have many possible meanings. (E.g. a person may choose an apple when offered either an animal or a pear, but we can’t be sure he chose the apple or rather whatever is in the right hand, whatever is alphabetically prior etc.)
    2. The only way to be sure in interpreting the action is to know that the other person is interpreting similarly and this requires language.
    3. With beings who don’t have a language this impossible, therefore we can’t assign them beliefs. (In other words, behavior alone is insufficient to determine belief.)
      1. Note here that Davidson’s criteria for having thoughts is the ability to be an interpreter of speech.
    1. Davidson’s argument stage 2—A creature can’t have a belief unless the creature also has a conception of belief.
  1. To have a belief is also to have the idea that they may possibly be mistaken.
  2. This requires that someone must understand that there is a difference between true belief and false belief.
  • Only interpreters of language have such a belief, therefore only creatures with language have beliefs.
    1. Stich’s argument—for convenience I’ll call it the argument from semantic indeterminacy
  1. For a dog to believe that a squirrel is in a tree, it must distinguish between squirrels and non-squirrels, and possibly to have beliefs about trees.
  2. Dogs do not make these distinctions.
  • Therefore they don’t have beliefs—or at least we can’t characterize our beliefs into dog belief.
    1. MacIntyre notes that the conclusion Stich makes is very different from Davidson, because Stich says that in some contexts it is proper to ascribe beliefs to dogs (e.g. those contexts in which dog belief doesn’t have a full blown meaning of squirrels and trees, and other contexts where it is wrong to ascribe beliefs.
    1. An argument presented (but not endorsed by) by John Searle
  1. In order to believe one must distinguish between hypothesizing, supposing and guessing etc.
  2. These distinctions apply only to those who can use this distinction.
  • Animals without language can’t understand these distinctions; therefore it is a mistake to ascribe beliefs to them.
  1. MacIntyre’s reply
    1. To Davidson
  1. Davidson is half right
    1. It is correct that only language enables us to reflect on the truth and falsity of our belief.
    2. However there is a primal and elementary sense of truth, in addition to our more refined notions. For this elementary notion we need not possess a language.
    3. Humans have this sense (before they gain a language)—MacIntyre names it the pre-linguistic notion of truth and notes that animals may also have this notion.
    4. Some of the more intelligent animals may be pre-linguistic rather than non-linguistic.
    1. What three of the arguments have in common—some of the arguments rely on the claim that because we can’t distinguish among varieties of belief we ought to refrain from ascribing beliefs to them.
  1. These arguments are all more about what we can properly ascribe than about specific abilities that animals may or may not have.
    1. Do these arguments show that non-language-users can’t possess beliefs?  MacIntyre argues that they do not show this for two different reasons.
  1. First—animal observation shows that cats can learn to distinguish between shrews and mice and this implies some rudimentary notion of belief.
    1. The cat’s beliefs are indeterminate in some ways, however not in others say with regard to the edibility of shrews
  2. Second—many of our own human beliefs are indeterminate and hence like animal beliefs
    1. We can map animal beliefs on to our own where we share common practices, recognitions, responses and classifications.
    2. We can do the same with a pre-linguistic child.
    3. However once the child becomes linguistic, this primal sense does not suddenly evaporate into language—this sense remains and grounds our sense of language use.
    1. Stepping up the argument
  1. The examples considered so far do not look at the social practices of animals pursuing complex goals. They are relatively threadbare as examples.  Greater specificity is called for.
    1. For example the example of the dolphin study in which there is a claim that dolphins have syntax.
    1. There are other arguments to be considered as well against animal beliefs—we turn to these in the next chapter to look at the continental philosophers.