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Jeff Case, Mary McDonald, and Jen McManus tried to create a corporation in order to produce electric scooters. They satisfied all of the requirements, but did not file the corporate charter with the state of California. They believed that a valid corporation had been formed and conducted business as a corporation. After seven years, the corporation became bankrupt. The creditors of the corporation would like to hold each of the three owners of the business personally liable. Can they? Discuss.

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Discussion

  • David Walker and Robert Hudson were best friends and business partners. They paid $500,000 in cash for an old warehouse. Later, they received an appointment as promoters for a new corporation that would manufacture artificial arms. The corporation need a large production facility, and David and Robert sold the warehouse they owned for $800,000 worth of stocks in the new corporation once it was formed.

Later, the corporation was formed and the shareholders discovered just how much David and Robert paid for the facility. How much of the $800,000 in stocks is the new corporation entitled to cancel. Discuss.

  • Jeff Case, Mary McDonald, and Jen McManus tried to create a corporation in order to produce electric scooters. They satisfied all of the requirements, but did not file the corporate charter with the state of California. They believed that a valid corporation had been formed and conducted business as a corporation.

After seven years, the corporation became bankrupt. The creditors of the corporation would like to hold each of the three owners of the business personally liable. Can they? Discuss.

Write a reflection journal (250-300 words) to outline what has been discovered about your professional practice, personal strengths and weaknesses, and additional resources that could be introduced in a given situation to influence optimal outcomes.

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Health care delivery and clinical systems

Students are required to submit weekly journal entries throughout the course. These reflective narratives help students identify important learning events that happen throughout the course and the practicum. In each week’s entry, students should reflect on the personal knowledge and skills gained.

Write a reflection journal (250-300 words) to outline what has been discovered about your professional practice, personal strengths and weaknesses, and additional resources that could be introduced in a given situation to influence optimal outcomes. Each week there will be a specific focus to use in your reflection. Integrate leadership and inquiry into the current practice. Please make sure to address all areas in your writing.

Apply and discuss the four key functions to your family of orientation (the family you grew up in) or family of procreation (your spouse and/or children), and give examples from your family to illustrate the functions.

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Sociological perspective on family

This is a comparison and contrast essay between functionalist and conflict views on family as a social institution.

Review the functionalist perspectives on family from Theoretical Perspectives of Family (attached).

Format
This paper should be about 750-1300 words or about 3 to 5 double-spaced typed pages.make sure that they are cited properly in MLA format

INSTRUCTIONS:

  • Define/describe the four key functions of family.
  • Apply and discuss the four key functions to your family of orientation (the family you grew up in) or family of procreation (your spouse and/or children), and give examples from your family to illustrate the functions.
  • Define and/ describe the Conflict theory on family and apply it to your family.
  • Finally, compare and contrast the theories and discuss which theory, functionalism or conflict theory, is better for explaining the purpose and role of the family in society and why.

Think about a time in your life when you tried to persuade someone to do something. Keep in mind that this situation does not have to be a full-blown argument—it can be something as simple as convincing a friend to go to a specific restaurant for lunch—and it does not have to be a situation where you “won” the other person over. Explain what strategies you used for persuading.

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English comp II

  1. Think about a time in your life when you tried to persuade someone to do something. Keep in mind that this situation does not have to be a full-blown argument—it can be something as simple as convincing a friend to go to a specific restaurant for lunch—and it does not have to be a situation where you “won” the other person over. Explain what strategies you used for persuading.

Define crime and what it means to conform in a sociological context. Use a sociological theory to determine if there is a relationship between substance use issues and crime. List social programs in your local area that can support parents and youth with information and family services related to substance use issues.

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Deviance Prevention Guide

Assignment Content

  1. Sociological research can be used to provide information to inform communities about human behaviors in their neighborhood. Citizens can then use that information to understand and develop actions to take which could impact the quality of life for the groups who live there. This week’s assignment will give you the opportunity to consider human behavior related to crime and substance use issues in your community from a sociological perspective. Use your knowledge of sociological research to educate families about this kind of human behavior.
    Scenario:Your local community center has started to host orientation classes for groups of parents of middle- and high-school-aged children. These families have recently moved to the area or are looking to relocate and want to know more about your community. You are part of a group of citizens who wants to support these parents by sharing information about local crime and substance use issues so that they can make informed choices for their families. The community center has asked you to prepare an informational guide to share this information with them.
    For this assignment:

    • Choose 1 sociological theory to interpret the connection between substance use issues and crime.
    • Choose 1 type of software to create a guide with visuals, such as Microsoft Word or Canva.

    Develop a 2- to 3-page local guide in the form of a flyer, poster, pamphlet, or newsletter.
    Use a software of your choice to create your guide and enrich it with visual images.
    Include the following:

    • Define crime and what it means to conform in a sociological context.
    • Use a sociological theory to determine if there is a relationship between substance use issues and crime.
    • List social programs in your local area that can support parents and youth with information and family services related to substance use issues.
    • Support the information in your guide with data from current and factual resources.

    Cite references in your guide.
    Include a section with APA-formatted references.

Explain what your nursing diagnosis is (What is the main problem for this patient? What need to be addressed?). Explain what your goal is for helping the patient recover (What do you want to change for the patient?).

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Case study

In order to write a case study paper, you must carefully address a number of sections in a specific order with specific information contained in each. The guideline below outlines each of those sections.

Section Information to Include
Introduction (patient and problem)
  • Explain who the patient is (Age, gender, etc.)
  • Explain what the problem is (What was he/she diagnosed with, or what happened?)
  • Introduce your main argument (What should you as a nurse focus on or do?)
Pathophysiology
  • Explain the disease (What are the symptoms? What causes it?)
History
  • Explain what health problems the patient has (Has she/he been diagnosed with other diseases?)
  • Detail any and all previous treatments (Has she/he had any prior surgeries or is he/she on medication?)
Nursing Physical Assessment
  • List all the patient’s health stats in sentences with specific numbers/levels (Blood pressure, bowel sounds, ambulation, etc.)
Related Treatments
  • Explain what treatments the patient is receiving because of his/her disease
Nursing Diagnosis & Patient Goal
  • Explain what your nursing diagnosis is (What is the main problem for this patient? What need to be addressed?)
  • Explain what your goal is for helping the patient recover (What do you want to change for the patient?)
Nursing Interventions
  • Explain how you will accomplish your nursing goals, and support this with citations (Reference the literature)
Evaluation
  • Explain how effective the nursing intervention was (What happened after your nursing intervention? Did the patient get better?)
Recommendations
  • Explain what the patient or nurse should do in the future to continue recovery/improvement

Your paper should be 3-4 pages in length and will be graded on how well you complete each of the above sections. You will also be graded on your use of APA style and on your application of nursing journals into the treatments and interventions.

How effective do you anticipate the 2015 Paris Agreement (and other future international climate agreements) will be? What international developments might limit its effectiveness?

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Globalization: Exam

  • There are 5 short-answer questions (worth 10 points each) and 1 longer essay question (worth 50 points) on this exam.
  • A high scoring answer for the short answer questions will consist of at least 4-5 sentences and demonstrate wide understanding of course material.

1. Snarr & Canfield describe four different scenarios on the future of global governance (world government, regionalism, decentralization/self-reliance, status quo). Which of these do you feel is the most desirable and why?

2. How effective do you anticipate the 2015 Paris Agreement (and other future international climate agreements) will be? What international developments might limit its effectiveness?

3. It is argued that increasing threats from climate change means that low-income countries (LICs) can no longer be allowed to develop via fossil fuels in the way the high-income countries (HICs) have. Consequently, LICs argue that HICs are hypocrites and that they should be allowed to develop as they see fit. Who do you think is right?

4. How has the ‘liberal world order’ as described in the Pei and Micklethwait & Woolridge articles been unsettled by China’s rise?

5. With regards to global public health, preventative measures and the strengthening of health systems (vertical approaches) seem to take a backseat compared to emphasis on big, singular problems such as COVID or Ebola (horizontal approaches). Why do you think this?

Question 1 1 pts
ESSAY QUESTION:
Imagine you are a government policymaker for a low-income country (LIC) and your elected president comes to you for advice. The president knows you are familiar with globalization wants to know what sort of guidance you can provide for the country’s economic and political development. What advice would you give to the president of your country? (This is an imaginary country and you are free to make assumptions about your country’s resources and geographic location).

Your answer should discuss concepts, events and processes discussed in lecture and the readings. A strong essay will directly answer the question and demonstrate a deep and wide knowledge of the course material.

How many electrons pass through an ammeter in 16 seconds if the ammeter reading is 2.0 amp? How many electrons go across a diode valve which delivers 16 milliamp for 1 minute?

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ELECTRIC CHARGE

Charge on 1 electron = 1.6 x 10-19 coulomb

1. If a current of 6.0 amp flows for 7.0 seconds, how much charge has moved?

2. If ~a current of 7.2 amp flows for 25 seconds, how much charge has been transferred?

3. What is the current flowing if 96 coulomb pass a point in a circuit in 8.0 seconds?

4. How long will it take a current of 8.0 amp to deliver 104 coulomb?

5. If a battery charger delivers 5 amp into a battery for 2.2 hours, what charge is transferred in the bane*?

6. If a generator can deliver 102 coulomb in 1 min. 40 sec, what current can it generate?

7. How many electrons pass through an ammeter in 16 seconds if the ammeter reading is 2.0 amp?

8. How many electrons go across a diode valve which delivers 16 milliamp for 1 minute?

9. What current is flowing if 6.25 x 1020 electrons pass a point in 5.0 seconds?

10. If 25 million million electrons come out of a battery in 1/100 of a second, what current is flowing?

How can it be explained that the reaction slower as time goes by? In other words, why does the slope of the concentration over time becomes smaller over time in a reaction? What kinetics does this indicate?

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Homework set 10 – Total points: 100

Instructions: Type your answers to the following questions and submit an electronic copy of your completed assignment on Canvas. Points for each question are indicated in front of the question. Name your file as CHEM151_HW10_FirstNameLastInitial

 

Question 1: Theoretical understanding of reaction kinetics (10pts)

After studying the slides, your notes from lecture and your readings, answer the following questions in 2-3 sentences for each part:

  1. Explain what reaction kinetics describe and how the study of kinetics is different from the study of a reaction at equilibrium.
  2. How does temperature affect reaction rates?
  3. How can it be explained that the reaction slower as time goes by? In other words, why does the slope of the concentration over time becomes smaller over time in a reaction? What kinetics does this indicate?
  4. Define the rate formula and the integrated reaction rate equation for zero and first order kinetics.
  5. The reaction between methanol and ethyl acetate is a reaction similar to the reactions involved in producing biodiesel. The reaction is first order with respect to methanol and zero order with respect to ethyl acetate. Write the reaction rate law for this reaction.

 

CH3OH + CH3CH2OCOCH3 ⟶ CH3OCOCH3+CH3CH2OH

 

Question 2 (5pts)

After doing the readings from section 20.1 of Van Loon and Duffy and/or the slides, answer the following questions in 2 sentences for each part:

  1. What is mineralization of organic compounds?
  2. True/False When an organic compound degrades the products are always less toxic
  3. Photolytic degradation of organic compounds: Under what conditions is it possible? What is required for such a reaction to occur?
  4. Indirect photolysis reactions can often be described by pseudo first order reaction. What is the reaction rate dependent on in such a case?
  5. Non photolytic reactions: what does it mean that a reaction is biotic versus an abiotic reaction? Give an example of a biotic reaction of an organic compound that you learned in this class (before Midterm 2).

 

Question 2 (5x5pts) Basic calculations of rates

  1. [11.24 – Dimensional analysis] Concentrations in atmospheric chemistry are most often reported in molecule/cm3. As a result, second-order rate constants used in modeling atmospheric chemistry are commonly reported in units of cm3 molecule–1 s–1. Convert the rate constants 3.5 x 10-14 cm3 molecule–1 s–1 to L mol–1 s–1. Is that unit conversion the same for all chemical compounds? What would you need to convert to L g-1 s-1?

 

 

  1. [11.27 – Dimensional analysis] Show that if the units of rate are mol L−1 s−1, then the units of the rate constant for the following second-order reaction are L mol−1 s−1:

 

H2(g) + Br2(g) à  2 HBr            rate = k [H2][Br2]

 

  1. [11.25 – Rate laws] For each of the rate laws below, what is the order of the reaction with respect to the hypothetical substances X, Y, and Z? What is the overall order?
    1. Rate = k[X][Y][Z]
    2. Rate = k[X]2[Y]1/2[Z]

 

  1. [11.29 – word problems to equations – rate laws]

The hypothetical reaction, A + B à C, has the rate law: Rate = k[A]x[B]y

When [A] is doubled and [B] is held constant, the rate doubles.

The rate increases fourfold when [B] is doubled and [A] is held constant.

What are the values of the exponents x and y?

  1. [11.32 – tabular data to equations – rate laws]

The following experimental data were obtained for the reaction

2 A + 3 B à C + 2 D

Determine the reaction order for each reactant and the value of the rate constant.

[A] (mol/L) [B] (mol/L) Rate = d[C]/dt (mol/L/s)
0.127 0.15 0.033
0.127 0.30 0.132
0.255 0.15 0.066

 

Question 3: Basic calculation of half-life for 1st order reactions (15 pts)

  1. The pesticide Carbaryl has a half life in soil of 19 days. Assuming its degradation follows first order kinetics, calculate the reaction constant. Then, write the kinetics equation as a rate law and as an integrated law.

 

  1. The pesticide Heptachlor has a reaction 0.006 /day. Assuming its degradation follows first order kinetics, calculate the half-life of heptachlor and interpret its meaning.

 

  1. The concentration of a chemical was measured at 15 mg/L. 20 hours later it was measured at 10 mg/L. Assuming the chemical degrades with first order kinetics, what is the reaction rate of the chemical and its half-life?

 

Question 4: Using the equation for first order kinetics – exponents/logarithms practice (15pts)

Consider dieldrin, a pesticide in the category of organochlorines. It has a half-life of 934 days. After calculating its reaction rate constant, assuming first order kinetics, calculate the following:

  1. For an initial concentration of 12 ppm in water, calculate the concentration after 10 hours, after 1 month, and after 1 year.
  2. Considering a water that has 40 ppb of dieldrin in it, how long will it take for the concentration to drop below 5 ppb.
  3. How long will it take for the concentration to reach 10% of its initial value, regardless of the starting concentration.

 

Question 5 – Determining order of reaction and reaction rate from exp data (10pts)

[EXCEL NEEDED] A new organic compound is tested to determine its kinetics and reaction rate. Concentrations of the chemical were measured under the same conditions for 50 hours, starting at a concentration of 14 ppm. The data from the experiment is given below:

time (hr) C (ppm)
0 14
5 10.03
10 6.85
15 5.3
20 3.47
25 1.9
30 1.71
35 0.76
40 1.1
45 0.27
50 0.29

 

  1. Is the degradation of the compound following zero or first order kinetics? Use an appropriate quantitative metric to justify your answer.
  2. Assuming first order kinetics, determine the reaction rate of the compound by linearizing the integrated rate law for first order kinetics and determine the first order reaction rate and the corresponding half-life.

Question 6 [11.49] Determining order of reaction and reaction rate from exp data (15pts)

[EXCEL NEEDED] The rate of photodecomposition of the herbicide picloram in aqueous systems was determined by exposure to sunlight for a number of days. One such experiment produced the following results, (Data from Hedlund, R.T., Youngston, CR. “The Rates of Photodecomposition of Picloram in Aqueous Systems,” Fate of Organic Pesticides in the Aquatic Environment, Advances in Chemistry Series, #111, American Chemical Society, (1972), 159–172.)

  1. Determine the order of the reaction that best fits this data by checking if the best model is zero, first or second order kinetics.
  2. Then for the best model, determine the rate constant, and the half-life for the photodecomposition of picloram.

 

time (days) C (umol L-1)
0 4.14
7 3.70
14 3.31
21 2.94
28 2.61
35 2.30
42 2.05
49 1.82
56 1.65

 

 

Question 7 [11.57] – Arrhenius relationship for k dependence on temperature (5pts)

[EXCEL NEEDED] The table below presents rate constants measured at three temperatures for the following reaction, which is involved in the production of nitrogen oxides in internal combustion engines.

 O(g) + N2(g) à  NO(g) + N(g)

 

Determine the activation energy of the reaction in kJ/mol.

k (L/mol/s) Temperature (K)
4.4E02 2000
2.5E05 3000
5.9E06 4000

 

What three most important points should you, the defendant(carter), include in your opening statement? State briefly why they are important to your case.

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Brookson v. Carter, Defendant’s Worksheet

DEFENDANT’S WORKSHEET FOR TRIAL

Fred Brookson, a lifelong resident of Klamath Falls, Oregon, has hired your firm to file suit against Wendell Carter for injuries sustained as a result of an incident that occurred in southern Oregon. About three months ago, Brookson and his wife, Ellen, from whom he is now separated, participated in a demonstration concerning recent acts of violence against doctors practicing in a local abortion clinic. The demonstration occurred on a wharf extending into the Coos River. A group of people, including Wendell Carter, gathered around the demonstrators and began to heckle them. The two groups exchanged remarks and eventually, the hecklers threw rocks and bottles at the demonstrators. When Carter threw a rock that struck and injured Ellen, Fred became angry and approached Carter. Carter said he regretted injuring Ellen because he had been aiming at Fred. The two men exchanged heated remarks. Then, without any provocation, Carter pulled out a knife, screamed, and lunged at Brookson, intending to stab him. As Brookson jumped back to avoid being injured, he almost bumped into an unidentified demonstrator. The demonstrator, who apparently thought he was being attacked, struck Brookson several times and seriously injured him. Both Brooksons required hospital treatment. Fred Brookson ‘s medical expenses exceeded $75,000; his estranged wife’s expenses were approximately $2,000. Both have lost weight, exhibit chronic anxiety, and have periods of severe insomnia.

Carter grew up in California but has spent the last three years attending college and living with his brother in Oregon. Plaintiff’s attorney believes it best to bring this action in federal district court.

  • 1332. Diversity of Citizenship;

Amount in Controversy; Costs

(a) The district courts shall have original jurisdiction of all civil actions where the matter in controversy exceeds the sum or value of $75,00.00, exclusive of interest and costs, and is between …

(1) citizens of different States…

NOTE TO STUDENTS: (2,3 &4) have been intentionally omitted.

Jansen v. McLeavy (1987)

Mabel Jansen brought suit against the defendant for negligence and intentional infliction of emotional distress after the defendant’s car ran a stop sign and killed her young son. She witnessed the accident from her front yard. The jury awarded her $175,000 for the defendant’s negligence in causing the death of her son and $250,000 for intentional infliction of emotional distress. The defendant appeals only the latter award, and we reverse.

For intentional infliction of mental distress, proof of four elements is required to establish the cause of action: (1) the conduct of the defendant must be intentional toward the plaintiff; (2) the conduct must be extreme and outrageous; (3) there must be a causal connection between the defendant’s conduct and the plaintiff’s mental distress; and (4) the plaintiff’s mental distress must be extreme and severe. On this appeal, the defendant vigorously argues that the first element has not been met. The tort of intentional infliction of emotional distress requires some evidence that the defendant intended to inflict the emotional distress on the plaintiff. Although Jansen’s mental distress was great, the driver did not intend to cause that distress. While some jurisdictions have allowed recovery in similar circumstances on a theory that the defendant’s conduct made it probable that mental suffering would result, we will continue to require intentional infliction in this state.

Powers v. Locke (1989)

While plaintiff Anthony Powers and defendant James Locke were waiting in line to board a school bus, Locke shoved Powers in an effort to take his place in line. Powers fell through a glass door and suffered multiple injuries. Powers sued Locke for battery. The trial court entered a directed verdict in favor of Powers.

A defendant commits battery when he acts intending to cause a harmful or offensive contact with the plaintiff or a third person, and thereby causes a harmful or offensive contact with the plaintiff. Because battery is intended to protect a person’s body from intentional and unwanted contact, its protection extends to anything so closely connected with the person’s body as to be regarded a part of it, but it does not extend to contact that is legally consented to or otherwise privileged. One who commits battery is liable for no more than nominal damages unless the person contacted proves actual harm.

Locke’s argument that the evidence does not support a finding that he intended to cause injury to Powers is without merit. The tort of battery requires only that the defendant intend the contact that caused the harm, not the harm itself. Here, the evidence is uncontroverted that Locke intended to shove Powers. Locke also argues that Powers consented to the battery by agreeing to engage in a “shoving match” with Locke. Because the evidence presented at trial is conflicting on this issue, a directed verdict was improper. Reversed and remanded.

 

LEASE ANSWER THE FOLLOWING:

1. What three most important points should you, the defendant(carter), include in your opening statement? State briefly why they are important to your case.

2. List the three most important witnesses to your case and briefly state why they are important to your case.

3. List the three most important pieces of evidence you will introduce at trial and briefly state why they are important to your case/what each will prove. HINT: EVIDENCE = STUFF/THINGS. NOT PEOPLE.

4.You have been given the following statute/legal cases to work with:

  • 1332. Diversity of Citizenship

Jansen v. McLeavy (1987)

Powers v. Locke (1989)

Which one is the strongest for your side? State the law and elements and apply them to the facts of your case( Carter). For example, in XXXXXX, the law is _________________. The first element is __________ and applies to our case because ___________________, etc.)

 

5. You have been given the following statute/legal cases to work with:

 

  • 1332. Diversity of Citizenship

Jansen v. McLeavy (1987)

Powers v. Locke (1989)

 

Which one is the weakest for your side (carter)? State the law and elements and state why they are not helpful to the facts of your case. For example, in XXXXX, the law is _________________. The first element is __________ and does not apply to our case because ___________________, etc.

 

6. What evidence, law, fact, etc. in favor of the other side is the most damaging to your case(carter) ? Why?

Additional points to know and to remember:

  1. Court cases are underlined or in italics. Statutes are in italics.
  2. Your memo must be presented academically and free of grammatical errors.