What role did musical technology play in the development of dancehall? Pick one dancehall song and explain how it exemplifies dancehall style and what’s unique about it. What is dancehall’s relationship to crime and violence? What role did dancehall in shaping the culture of Kingston’s slums?
Davis, Planet of Slums, Chapter 1
What forms has urbanization taken in the last few decades, i.e., what kinds of cities have emerged?
What drives people to cities? What are the causes of dramatic urban growth since 1950?
What’s the relationship between urban population growth and jobs and industrialization?
Is the growth of slums a big deal? Why or why not? What are its potential ramifications?
Davis, Planet of Slums, Chapter 2
What is a slum (in your own words)?
What statistics and research have been done on slum populations and urban poverty? Do we have accurate statistics?
What three stories or statistics about life in the slums shocked you the most and why?
What the different types of slums and what are the characteristics of each type?
How did each type of slum develop, i.e., how did the housing develop and how did the people move there?
Dancehall
How does dancehall differ from reggae? Why do you think dancehall supplanted reggae in popularity in Jamaica by the late 1980s / early 1990s?
What role did musical technology play in the development of dancehall?
Pick one dancehall song and explain how it exemplifies dancehall style and what’s unique about it.
What is dancehall’s relationship to crime and violence?
What role did dancehall in shaping the culture of Kingston’s slums?
How did the police and the government respond to dancehall?
Pick a dancehall song and explain how it portrays the reality of slum life, the hopes of a better future, and/or defiance towards the authorities and the “shitstem”?
What is your assessment of Lady Saw’s expressions of sexuality and the moral panic it provoked?
Kwaito
What were the contradictions of freedom for the post-apartheid generation of Black South Africans? How were they expressed in kwaito music?
What is your opinion or evaluation of the utopian escapism of much kwaito culture and lyrics?
How did kwaito music “rep” the townships?
How was kwaito music produced and disseminated, both commercially and informally?
How is kwaito similar to and different from dancehall, musically and culturally?
Required: answer at least 2 of the 3 questions below about specific songs.
How does Trompies’ Zodwa or Bongo Maffin’s Makeba project a celebratory mood in its music? Give specific examples from the music in your answer.
How does Mafokate’s Kaffir or M’du’s Mazola use layering? Give specific examples from the music in your answer