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Market Process Overview:Are we currently using Marketing?

The Marketing Planning
Process
■ Marketing planning is a structured way
of matching what an organisation has
to offer and what the market needs.
Analysis
(Where are we now?)
Objectives
(where are we going?)
Evaluation
(Are we getting there?)
Methods
(How will we get
there?)
Market Process Overview
■ Marketing Audit
■ This is a review or appraisal of marketing
operations in an organisation. It is
concerned with establishing environmental
factors facing the organisation, which have
marketing implications now and in the future.
■ Are we currently using Marketing?
SWOT Analysis
(Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats)
■ A SWOT analysis is a good way of
summarising the internal and external
marketing audit.
■ Strengths Internal
■ Weaknesses Audit
■ Opportunities External
■ Threats Audit
Setting Objectives
■ After the analysis has been carried out, the
next step is to establish some objectives.
■ Objectives can be defined as where we are
going?
■ Simply they are results wanted from planned
Marketing activities.
■ Objectives can include; increase market
share, increase product range, be
technological leader etc.
Constraints
■ Financial
■ Legal
■ Community or other pressure
■ Planning
Options to overcome
constraints
■ Convert to PLC
■ Lobby MPs
■ Get involved in local community e.g.
sponsorship
■ Relocate
Target Markets
■ Identify the group of buyers you wish
to purchase your product/service.
■ Actual or potential customers.
Marketing Mix
■ Product
■ Price
■ Place
■ Promotion
■ Utilize the four Ps to attract customers
to buy your product/service rather than
anyone else’s.

How should I choose the time frame for my literature review? Is there a minimum number of years?

  1. What structure should I follow for my essay?

It is recommendable to follow the structure below:

I Introduction II Main Body

  1. a) Method – briefly present the criteria used for selecting the journals & articles included in your literature review;
II. b) Analysis of the articles selected – critically discuss the content of the academic articles included in your review (in terms of purpose, context, theoretical background, method, findings and conclusions);

III. Conclusions

  1. Should I include an Index/Table of content?

No, there is no need.

  1. Is the references list included in the word count?

No, the references list is not included in the word count. Everything else however is included in the word count (including any tables, figures, graphs, endnotes, footnotes etc. you may choose to use).

  1. Can I use reference of reference (e.g. X et al., 2004 cited in Y et al., 2010)

For good academic practice, you should always consult the original source.

  1. How should I choose the time frame for my literature review? Is there a minimum number of years?

There is no set answer for this question. Literature reviews can include articles published the last 7, 10, 20 … 50 years. This is for the author to choose. For the purpose of this assignment the minimum time frame is from 2014 onwards.

  1. How should I choose the Journals to include in the literature review?

There are a few journals, particularly relevant the entrepreneurship field, recommended on the study guide. You can definitely include them in your literature review, but you can also include other journals relevant for the specific topic chosen to analyse. Please consult the ABS list for further guidance on this.

  1. How many journals should I include in my literature review? Is there a minimum number?

This is a decision the author of the study should make. What is important is to justify your choice appropriately. There is no perfect number as such, but for the purpose of this assignment the minimum number of journals to include in your literature review is 2 journals.

  1. How should I choose the articles from these journals?

Simple! You need to search using keywords appropriate for your topic and specify these keywords in your method section (see Q19 for further information).

  1. How many articles should I include in my literature review?

There is no straight forward answer for this question, I’m afraid. This is part of your assignment. It depends on your choice of topic, journals and time frame.

  1. Can I use references published before the time frame chosen for my literature review?

Yes, of course you can, particularly if they are seminal papers which contribute substantially to the development of the field. However, it would be advisable to use them to support your arguments, in the introduction and/or conclusion, as opposed to directly form part of your literature review.

  1. Am I allowed to change the title?

Yes, of course you are. The only things you need to ensure is that your title is included under the broader umbrella of the topic selected and that you clearly specify at the beginning of your essay which of these 2 topics you address in your essay.

1

  1. Can I choose to focus on a subtopic of the broad topics presented?

Yes, you are allowed to do this. You first need to clarify (either by using a definition or classification) that the subtopic chosen is included under the broader umbrella of 1 of the 2 topics on your coursework.

  1. If the coursework I chose says “write on topic A AND/OR topic B” is it ok to focus on only topic A or only topic B?

Yes, this is perfectly fine.

  1. Do I need to collect any empirical (e.g. survey, interview data for this course work)?

No, there is no need for you to collect any empirical data for this coursework. You only need to conduct a content analysis of the articles selected clearly demonstrating integration and synthesis capacity.

  1. Do I need to discuss any case studies?

You are allowed to do so, (for example in the introduction), but you are not required to do so.

  1. Should I provide tables, graphs or models?

You do not necessarily have to, but you are encouraged to do so if they are the result of your own analysis of the relevant literature.

  1. What should I write in the conclusions?

In the conclusions it is recommendable to provide an outline of the main findings of your literature review. You also need to include the limitations of the study, recommendations for entrepreneurs and future research directions clearly deriving from your study.

  1. Should my literature review be as elaborated (and long) as the systematic literature reviews published in ABS 3 and 4 grade journals?

Given the word limit and the time frame for this course work, you are not expected to develop such elaborated (and long) reviews.

  1. How do I search for the journals?

You can choose which journals to search from by selecting them from the ABS list, uploaded in the MG5592/MG5801 Blackboard Learn.

 

What is my purpose? What am I intending to achieve? What is my intended outcome or outcomes?

Communication Strategy Plan (PPR)

Create your Communication Strategy Plan by answering the following questions in detail.

Plan:

  1. What is my purpose? What am I intending to achieve? What is my intended outcome or outcomes?

 

  1. Who is my audience? How are members of my audience the same? How are they different? How might their goals be the same or different?

 

  1. How will I adapt to the audience? Be sure to identify different segments of an audience and how you will adapt to each. How will you make your message relevant to them? What potential barriers exist, and how will you overcome them?

 

  1. What is your thesis? How does your thesis relate to your purpose and your audience?

 

  1. What are your main points? How will you support them? Does your support relate to your audience? If so, how? If not, why?

 

  1. If giving a presentation, what should I be aware of in terms of my nonverbal behaviors? What behaviors do I want to focus on? Why?

 

Practice: Write the document or give the presentation by applying your plan.

 

Reflect: Seldom are we completely pleased with our writing or presentation, and we tend to be our own toughest critics!  Based on feedback from your instructor and peers, reflect on the experience.

 

  1. Did I achieve my purpose? What was effective and why? What could have been improved and how?

 

  1. Did the audience seem to respond as I’d hoped? Did I seem to connect with them? What seemed to work well? What could I have improved?

 

  1. Was my message clear and easy to follow?

 

  1. If I gave a presentation, did I achieve my goals for communicating nonverbally? What might I work on in the future?

How do effector memory CD4+ T cells migrate to the epidermis?

Clinical case study 1

Patient Presentation

A 55-year old HIV-infected male was referred to the Dermatology Outpatient Clinic with a four month history of a swollen face and multiple skin nodules.

Acknowledgement

  • Ranks Lehloenya, Dr. Khadija Shebe and Prof. Gail Todd from the Department of Dermatology.
  • Dr Sipho Dlamini from the Department of Infectious Diseases, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town.
  • Dr Carol Hlela, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town

History

Three years prior to this presentation, the patient was treated at his local clinic for a persistent rash, diagnosed as eczema. There was minimal response to a standard therapy of topical steroids, he experienced only a minimal response.

Past Medical History

He was diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and tested positive for HIV at the same time. He completed six months of standard TB treatment.

His CD4 count over three months showed a steady decline:

  • 1st measurement: CD4 count was 987 cells/ul
  • 3 months later his CD4 count was 603 cells/ul

HAART was initiated five months later when his CD4 count dropped below 350 cells/ul. He was started on antiretroviral therapy (ARV), consisting of lamivudine (3TC), stavudine (d4T) and efavirenz (EFV)

He defaulted treatment and was lost to follow-up for more than a year.

When he returned to the clinic he was re-initiated on ARV.  Four months after restarting treatment he developed facial swelling and bulky, non-tender nodules on the trunk and limbs.

A skin biopsy showed dermal infiltration of atypical lymphoid cells.

Following his biopsy results, he was referred to a specialist skin lymphoma clinic.

Past Surgical History

Previous laparotomy for small bowel obstruction, cause unknown.

Family History

Nothing of significance

Allergies

None known

Medication

Topical steroids

ARV: 3TC, d4T and EFV

Travel History

None noted

Social History

Non-smoker

No alcohol use

No illegal substance use

Differential Diagnosis

  • HIV-associated atypical cutaneous lympho-proliferative disorder (ACLD)
  • Leprosy
  • Mycoses fungoides
  • Sezary syndrome
  • Other lymphomas

Examination

Appearance: ambulatory, underweight, erythrodermic male, awake, alert and co-operative.

Vitals

  • Temperature: afebrile
  • Blood pressure: 124/76
  • Heart rate: 75
  • Respiratory rate: 16

General

  • Erythrodermic, skin, generally indurated
  • Palpable axillary and groin lymph nodes
  • No jaundice, pallor or oedema

Chest

  • Chest clear

Cardiovascular

  • Normotensive
  • No murmurs, no added heart sounds

Abdomen

  • Mild tenderness over the liver and the spleen with accompanying hepatosplenomegaly.

Neurological

  • No abnormalities detected

Dermatological

  • Erythrodermic, skin generally indurated
  • Diffusely indurated face with leonine features
  • Boggy non-tender multiple nodules and tumors on the face, of varying sizes
  • Similar tumourous nodules on thighs
  • Fine non-palpable purpuric rash on upper the trunk
  • Non-tender tumourous nodules on forearm
   
  On Admission  6 weeks 14 weeks Reference ranges
WCC +peripheral smear 50.51 with > 10%  circulating atypical lymphocytes 8.6 11.1 4-12×109/L
Hb 13.3 10.6 7.4 12.1-15.2g/L
MCV 105 79-98.9fL
MCH 33.4 27-32.0pg
MCHC 31.8 32-36.0g/dL
Platelets 383 93 130 140-450×109/L
Diff Count:
Neutrophils 6.57 2.0-7.50 x109/L
Lymphocytes 34.35 1-4×109/L
Monocytes 3.54 0.18 – 0.80 x109L
Eosinophils 1.01 0.0 – 0.45 x10 9 /L
CD4 count 94
Viral Load 1890

 

Discussion points to consider:

Our presenting case was a middle-aged man with severely indurated face presenting as a leonine facies as well as skin nodules and tumours on his trunk and limbs. He was previously diagnosed as HIV-infected and was initiated on ARV. It is uncertain whether the skin lesions were a result of drug toxicity following initiation of ARV, or possibly due to immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). It is also possible this could be an aggressive progression of a pre-existing condition due to his immune-compromised state

What primary immune response to foreign antigen in the skin?

Homing of effector memory CD4+ T cells to the skin.

Circulation and homing of central memory CD4+ T cells.

How do effector memory CD4+ T cells migrate to the epidermis?

What is happening in our patient?

What happens in Sezary Syndrome?

What happens to these transformed malignant CD4+ T cells?

How are Sezary Cells Identified?

Final Outcome

Despite stopping HAART and administering chemotherapy along with radiotherapy, the disease continued to worsen and the patient’s skin lesions ulcerated and he developed progressive systemic disease. During the fourth month following admission he contracted pneumonia and died shortly thereafter.

How alcohol affects the nervous system (in the short term, as well as after chronic, heavy drinking).

Research Paper #2

Question:

Describe the pathophysiology of alcohol abuse and addiction. Your answer should include, but is not necessarily limited to, the following elements:

– How alcohol affects the nervous system (in the short term, as well as after chronic, heavy drinking).

– How these effects are linked to behavior.

– The impact of alcohol abuse and addiction on physical and mental health.

– Biology-related risk factors (e.g., genetics, hormones)

– Biology-related individual differences in the etiology, presentation, or severity of alcohol abuse and addiction (e.g., sex, age, comorbidity). *No need to refer to all of these; 1-2 examples are enough.

– Main treatment approaches.

Remember: This is a paper in a Physiological Psychology course. Your writing should reflect solid knowledge in physiological psychology and the ability to link this knowledge to human behavior and clinical psychology.

Resources

Given the scope of the question, your answer cannot be based only on class material (slides, notes). You will need to use resources such as textbooks and scientific papers.

It is imperative that you apply the APA rules for citation and referencing, within-text and in your bibliography.

There are numerous guides available online. Here is an example:

http://www.easybib.com/guides/citation-guides/apa-format/how-to-cite-a-parenthetical-citations-apa/ The complete guide: http://www.easybib.com/guides/citation-guides/apa-format/

Writing

  • Carefully follow the instructions and the prompts.
  • Write to the point; keep general statements to a minimum.
  • Be clear and specific; avoid ambiguous phrasing.
  • When referring to physiological or biological concepts (e.g., parts of the brain), link them to behavior.

Font Times New Roman 12 or larger Double spaced

1 inch margins on all 4 sides

Length: up to 3 pages of text

– Not including the bibliography and cover page.

– No need to write an abstract.

A second issue about the NPV is if it is so great, why don’t all companies everywhere use it?

Discuss the pros and cons of net present value.

The basic objective of a corporation is to maximize the wealth of its stockholders. Stockholders’ wealth is measured by the value of their shares, so it can be said that the basic objective of a corporation is to maximize the value of the corporation’s stock.

In order to accomplish this basic objective, a firm’s managers must know how the actions they take will affect the value of the firm’s stock. They must know, for example, how much a plan under consideration will increase or decrease the value of the firm’s stock if the plan is put into effect.

What managers need, then, is a capital budgeting decision tool that will tell them how much a plan that is under consideration will increase or decrease the value of the firm’s stock if it is put into effect.

Academics are always telling us the Net Present Value (NPV) method of evaluating investment proposals is the best and most correct of all the methods available. Why do you think they say this? In other words, what is it about the NPV method that makes academics prefer it to all other methods?

A second issue about the NPV is if it is so great, why don’t all companies everywhere use it? For that matter, why don’t all individuals use it? In other words, what is it about the NPV method that makes people want to use, say, the IRR or payback period methods to evaluate investments instead?

What types of data are most compelling to you? Do you buy impulsively?

Learning Guide Unit 2

Portfolio Activity

  1. Read the article: Exploring Factors That Influence Consumer Loyalty to Automobile Dealerships in New York.and then perform the following:
  • Provide some customer retention strategies which benefits organizations
  • What actions are involved before the final decision to buy or consume a product and services?
  1. Using what you have learned in Units 1 & 2, consider your own behavior as a buyer. Think about the kinds of things that move you to make purchases, large and small and then answer the following:
  • Before making a major purchase, what types of data do you gather?

Answer: I compare pricing and select product based on reputation/trustworthy brand

  • What types of data are most compelling to you? Do you buy impulsively?

Answer: I do not buy impulsively on high end items, but I will for low cost items

  • If so, what type of products do you buy impulsively?

Answer: Clothes, shoes, and food

  • Are there ways in which you want to improve your own consumer behavior?

Answer: Not to purchase any low cost items unless I need it

The Portfolio Assignment entry should be a minimum of 500 words and not more than 700 words. Use APA citations and references if you use ideas from the readings or other sources. This assignment is graded by the instructor.

All course textbooks are accessible through the course’s main page.

  1. The University of Minnisota. (2010). Principles of marketing.Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0.
  • Chapter 3 – Consumer Behavior: How People Make Buying Decisions.In this chapter, students will learn about the factors that influences consumer behaviors. Students will explore the purchasing decision process including the five-stage model
  1. Akaeze, C., & Akaeze, N. (2017). Exploring Factors That Influence Consumer Loyalty to Automobile Dealerships in New York.  Journal of Business Theory and Practice5(6), 35–47. dOI:10.22158/jbtp.v5n2p98 Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316320629_Exploring_Factors_That_Influence_Consumer_Loyalty_to_Automobile_Dealerships_in_New_York
  2. Courtright, M., Courtright, M., Courtright, M., Melanie, & EVP of Research Science and Data Strategy. (2019, July 25). The “Why” Behind the Buy: Integrating Consumer Behavior into Your Marketing Strategy. Retrieved from https://www.ama.org/2019/05/20/the-why-behind-the-buy-integrating-consumer-behavior-into-your-marketing-strategy/.

 

Optional Videos

  1. Frankfurt School of Finance & Management. (2016, November 4). The importance of studying consumer behavior. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/v1q1nnPCcKw
  • This video details the explanation on impulse purchasing
  1. Mapscu. (2016, January 5). Impulse buying. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FY6pCHkeED4&feature=youtu.be
  • This short animated video talks about impulse buying.

 

Drug Intervention for High School Students:What interventions (evidence-based) have been used for this topic of concern?)

Intervention Power Point Presentation: Students will choose an intervention used to help alleviate an issue that they have identified is a concern in the school setting. Students will provide the steps for the intervention and describe how the intervention will be assessed for effectiveness.
The presentation should be 10 slides in length and use at least 5 peer reviewed professional journal articles for graduate students (for undergraduate students at least 3 peer reviewed professional journal articles) all references must be cited using APA documentation. Please follow APA format guidelines for writing. Use scholarly literature, (not more than 2 internet based references) double space, and use 12 point font as well as appropriate margins. You must submit to turnitin and if your presentation contains more than 15%, you must redo it until it is below 15% match for plagiarism.

Organizational Structure of Power Point Presentation: Points
1. Introduction
2. Description of issue that you have identified as a concern (For example-Bullying)

3.Why is it a problem (utilize research to support your theory & What contributes to this topic of concern?)

4. What interventions (evidence-based) have been used for this topic of concern?)

5. Current research findings (What is the current research on this topic of concern? Statistics)

6. Intervention you are proposing (Develop your own intervention-be creative)

7. Steps for your intervention

8. Assess for effectiveness (How will you assess for effectiveness? What assessment tool will you use?)

9. Conclusion

10. References Slide

Explain the importance of managing medication information to the patient.

Home Care Accreditation Program
National Patient Safety Goals Effective January 2020
Goal 1
Improve the accuracy of patient identification.
Use at least two patient identifiers when providing care, treatment, or services.
Note: In the home care setting, patient identification is less prone to error than in other settings. At the first
encounter, the requirement for two identifiers is appropriate; thereafter, and in any situation of continuing one-onone
care in which the clinician “knows” the patient, one of the identifiers can be facial recognition. In the home, the
correct address is also confirmed. The patient’s confirmed address is an acceptable identifier when used in
conjunction with another individual-specific identifier.
NPSG.01.01.01
Elements of Performance for NPSG.01.01.01
Wrong-patient errors occur in virtually all stages of diagnosis and treatment. The intent for this goal is two-fold: first,
to reliably identify the individual as the person for whom the service or treatment is intended; second, to match the
service or treatment to that individual. Acceptable identifiers may be the individual’s name, an assigned
identification number, telephone number, or other person-specific identifier.
–Rationale for NPSG.01.01.01–
Use at least two patient identifiers when administering medications, blood, or blood
components; when collecting blood samples and other specimens for clinical testing; and
when providing treatments or procedures.
1.
Label containers used for blood and other 2. specimens in the presence of the patient.
© 2020 The Joint Commission
Page 1 of 6
Home Care National Patient Safety Goals Effective January 1, 2020
Goal 3
Improve the safety of using medications.
Maintain and communicate accurate patient medication information.
NPSG.03.06.01
Elements of Performance for NPSG.03.06.01
There is evidence that medication discrepancies can affect patient outcomes. Medication reconciliation is intended
to identify and resolve discrepancies—it is a process of comparing the medications a patient is taking (and should
be taking) with newly ordered medications. The comparison addresses duplications, omissions, and interactions,
and the need to continue current medications. The types of information that clinicians use to reconcile medications
include (among others) medication name, dose, frequency, route, and purpose. Organizations should identify the
information that needs to be collected to reconcile current and newly ordered medications and to safely prescribe
medications in the future.
–Rationale for NPSG.03.06.01–
Introduction to Reconciling Medication Information
The large number of people receiving health care who take multiple medications and the complexity of managing
those medications make medication reconciliation an important safety issue. In medication reconciliation, a clinician
compares the medications a patient should be using (and is actually using) to the new medications that are ordered
for the patient and resolves any discrepancies.
The Joint Commission recognizes that organizations face challenges with medication reconciliation. The best
medication reconciliation requires a complete understanding of what the patient was prescribed and what
medications the patient is actually taking. It can be difficult to obtain a complete list from every patient in an
encounter, and accuracy is dependent on the patient’s ability and willingness to provide this information. A good
faith effort to collect this information is recognized as meeting the intent of the requirement. As health care evolves
with the adoption of more sophisticated systems (such as centralized databases for prescribing and collecting
medication information), the effectiveness of these processes will grow.
This National Patient Safety Goal (NPSG) focuses on the risk points of medication reconciliation. The elements of
performance in this NPSG are designed to help organizations reduce negative patient outcomes associated with
medication discrepancies. Some aspects of the care process that involve the management of medications are
addressed in the standards rather than in this goal. These include coordinating information during transitions in care
both within and outside of the organization (PC.02.02.01), patient education on safe medication use (PC.02.03.01),
and communications with other providers (PC.04.02.01).
In settings where medications are not routinely prescribed or administered, this NPSG provides organizations with
the flexibility to decide what medication information they need to collect based on the services they provide to
patients. It is often important for clinicians to know what medications the patient is taking when planning care,
treatment, or services, even in situations where medications are not used.
Obtain and/or update information on the medications the patient is currently taking. This
information is documented in a list or other format that is useful to those who manage
medications.
Note 1: The organization obtains the patient’s medication information during the first contact.
The information is updated when the patient’s medications change.
Note 2: Current medications include those taken at scheduled times and those taken on an
as-needed basis. See the Glossary for a definition of medications.
Note 3: It is often difficult to obtain complete information on current medications from a
patient. A good faith effort to obtain this information from the patient and/or other sources will
be considered as meeting the intent of the EP.
1.
Define the types of medication information (for example, name, dose, route, frequency,
purpose) to be collected in different settings and patient circumstances.
2.
© 2020 The Joint Commission
Page 2 of 6
Home Care National Patient Safety Goals Effective January 1, 2020
Compare the medication information the patient is currently taking with the medications
ordered for the patient in order to identify and resolve discrepancies.
Note: Discrepancies include omissions, duplications, contraindications, unclear information,
and changes. A qualified individual, identified by the organization, does the comparison. (See
also HR.01.06.01, EP 1)
3.
Provide the patient (or family as needed) with written information on the medications the
patient should be taking when he or she leaves the organization’s care (for example, name,
dose, route, frequency, purpose).
Note: When the only additional medications prescribed are for a short duration, the
medication information the organization provides may include only those medications. For
more information about communications to other providers of care when the patient is
discharged or transferred, refer to Standard PC.04.02.01.
4.
Explain the importance of managing medication information to the patient.
Note: Examples include instructing the patient to give a list to his or her primary care
physician; to update the information when medications are discontinued, doses are changed,
or new medications (including over-the-counter products) are added; and to carry medication
information at all times in the event of emergency situations. (For information, on patient
education on medications, refer to Standards MM.06.01.03, PC.02.03.01, and PC.04.01.05.)
5.
Goal 7
Reduce the risk of health care–associated infections.
Comply with either the current Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) hand hygiene guidelines or the
current World Health Organization (WHO) hand hygiene guidelines.
NPSG.07.01.01
Elements of Performance for NPSG.07.01.01
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, each year, millions of people acquire an infection
while receiving care, treatment, or services in a health care organization. Consequently, health care–associated
infections (HAIs) are a patient safety issue affecting all types of health care organizations. One of the most
important ways to address HAIs is by improving the hand hygiene of health care staff. Compliance with the World
Health Organization (WHO) or Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) hand hygiene guidelines will
reduce the transmission of infectious agents by staff to patients, thereby decreasing the incidence of HAIs. To
ensure compliance with this National Patient Safety Goal, an organization should assess its compliance with the
CDC and/or WHO guidelines through a comprehensive program that provides a hand hygiene policy, fosters a
culture of hand hygiene, monitors compliance, and provides feedback.
–Rationale for NPSG.07.01.01–
Implement a program that follows categories IA, IB, and IC of either the current Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) or the current World Health Organization (WHO)
hand hygiene guidelines. (See also IC.01.04.01, EP 5)
1.
Set goals for improving compliance with hand hygiene guidelines. (See also IC.03.01.01, EP
3)
2.
Improve compliance with hand hygiene guidelines 3. based on established goals.
© 2020 The Joint Commission
Page 3 of 6
Home Care National Patient Safety Goals Effective January 1, 2020
Goal 9
Reduce the risk of patient harm resulting from falls.
Reduce the risk of falls.
NPSG.09.02.01
Elements of Performance for NPSG.09.02.01
Falls account for a significant portion of injuries in hospitalized patients, long term care residents, and home care
recipients. In the context of the population it serves, the services it provides, and its environment of care, the
organization should evaluate the patient’s risk for falls and take action to reduce the risk of falling as well as the risk
of injury, should a fall occur. The evaluation could include a patient’s fall history; review of medications and alcohol
consumption; gait and balance screening; assessment of walking aids, assistive technologies, and protective
devices; and environmental assessments.
–Rationale for NPSG.09.02.01–
Assess 1. the patient’s risk for falls.
2. Implement interventions to reduce falls based on the patient’s assessed risk.
3. Educate staff on the fall reduction program in time frames determined by the organization.
4. Educate the patient and, as needed, the family on any individualized fall reduction strategies.
Evaluate the effectiveness of all fall reduction activities including assessment, interventions
and education.
Note: Examples of outcome indicators to use in the evaluation include decreased number of
falls and decreased number and severity of fall-related injuries.
5.
© 2020 The Joint Commission
Page 4 of 6
Home Care National Patient Safety Goals Effective January 1, 2020
Goal 15
The organization identifies safety risks inherent in its patient population.
Identify risks associated with home oxygen therapy such as home fires.
NPSG.15.02.01
Elements of Performance for NPSG.15.02.01
A critical aspect of safe patient care at home relates to the use of oxygen. Oxygen administration presents a high
risk for fire due to the acceleration of flame that oxygen causes in the presence of flammable substances (such as
upholstery and clothing) and open flames (such as candles, gas appliances, and smoking materials). Smoking is a
major reason for burn incidents involving home medical oxygen therapy. Oxygen cylinders that are not safely stored
create risks for fire and explosion; standards addressing storage of cylinders are included in the “Environment of
Care” (EC) chapter.
The Joint Commission has reviewed more than 40 sentinel events for home health care patients who were either
injured or killed as a result of a fire in the home. A Sentinel Event Alert (#17) was issued on March 1, 2001 that
outlines risk factors, root causes, and risk-reduction strategies for this serious patient safety problem.
This NPSG addresses the importance of a home oxygen assessment that identifies potential safety risks in the
environment. Patients and families need to understand and modify behaviors that could lead to a serious safety
event. For that reason, home care agencies that interact with their patients have a responsibility to reduce risk by
assessing the environment and educating the patient and family. Issues to consider in both the home risk
assessment and in patient and family education include whether or not the patient lives alone, the patient’s cognitive
ability, and whether individuals smoke in the home.
An oxygen safety risk assessment should be conducted before starting oxygen therapy in the home and when
home care services are initiated. However, when more than one organization provides services in the home, it is the
responsibility of each organization to assess potential fire risks when its staff enters the home.
–Rationale for NPSG.15.02.01–
Conduct a home oxygen safety risk assessment before starting oxygen therapy in the home
and when home care services are initiated that addresses at least the following:
– Whether there are smoking materials in the home
– Whether or not the home has functioning smoke detectors
Note: Home care staff may ask the patient and family whether smoke detectors are
functioning or may test the smoke detectors if they are accessible. However, testing smoke
detectors is not required.
– Whether there are other fire safety risks in the home, such as the potential for open flames
Document the performance of the risk assessment. (For more information on coordination
among different providers of care, refer to PC.02.02.01, EPs 1 and 10, and PC.02.03.01, EP
5)
1.
Reevaluate potential fire risks at intervals established by the organization. Evidence of
unsafe practices leading to potential risk is used to establish these intervals. Document the
reevaluation of potential fire risks.
2.
Inform and educate the patient, family, and/or caregiver about the following:
– The findings of the safety risk assessment
– The causes of fire
– Fire risks for neighboring residences and buildings
– Precautions that can prevent fire-related injuries
– Recommendations to address the specific identified risk(s)
Document the provision of information and education. (For more information on coordination
among different providers of care, refer to PC.02.02.01, EPs 1 and 10, and PC.02.03.01, EP
5.)
3.
Assess the patient’s, family’s, and/or caregiver’s level of comprehension of identified risks
and compliance with suggested interventions during home visits. Document this assessment.
4.
© 2020 The Joint Commission
Page 5 of 6
Home Care National Patient Safety Goals Effective January 1, 2020
Implement strategies to improve patient and/or family compliance with oxygen safety
precautions when unsafe practices are observed in the home. This includes notifying the
licensed independent practitioner ordering the oxygen. Document the implementation of
strategies to address compliance.
Note: Other strategies to be considered include additional education, placing written
reminders in specific locations, and exploring alternative living arrangements with the patient
and family.
5.
© 2020 The Joint Commission
Page 6 of 6

What are Dyson’s unique resources and capabilities (if any) that gives it the market power to enter this fiercely competitive market?

This assignment is based on electric car industry and Dyson which is positioned as one of the players. See details below:

On September 26, 2017, Financial Times announced that Dyson, a British technology group led by Sir James Dyson, famous for its bag less vacuum cleaners was working on a premium electric car to go on sale in 2020. Dyson enters the motor industry at a time of intense change and disruption. The company behind the eponymous vacuum cleaner and hand dryers has been working on electric battery technology for almost two decades. Over the past two years it has built an automotive team of 400 engineers, drawn from manufacturers including BMW, Aston Martin and Tesla, and is preparing to use its research to give it the edge in a ferociously competitive sector. “We know this is a crowded market,” said founder James Dyson as he announced that the company would spend £2bn on the car and battery technology. He also predicted that the automotive business would outgrow the rest of the company “quickly”. It will spend £1bn on the battery and £1bn on designing and making the car, with the promise of future models to help recoup the investment. Sir James said he expected to make a profit on the venture. The money is part of a £2.5bn investment plan that had already been announced by the company. He said the remaining £500m would be used on the group’s other products. Andrew Bergbaum, managing director for automotive at AlixPartners consultancy, said the timeline of building a plant and launching a car by 2020 was “very ambitious” and the company was likely to incur “years of losses” before recouping its investment.

Familiarise yourself with electric car industry and Dyson’s commitment to enter the electric car industry by reading research around Dyson and electric car industry. Financial Times has abundant research on both the electric car industry and news around Dyson.

Answer the following questions:
Question 3: Dyson is at the ‘introduction’ phase of the electric car industry lifecycle. What according to you could be the first mover advantage (if any) in this industry for Dyson? (250 words)

Question 4: What are Dyson’s unique resources and capabilities (if any) that gives it the market power to enter this fiercely competitive market? (250 words)

Question 5: If you were invited to a lunch with James Dyson at his home in Gloucestershire with a specific mandate to provide a set of strategic recommendations that will enable Dyson to build a sustainable competitive position within the fast-changing electric car industry, what would your strategic recommendations consist of? (1000 words)

Please use Times New Roman, font size 12.

APA 6th ed. style referencing