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First define the terms ”development” and ”learning.” Then describe how the processes of development and learning are related?

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Chapter 4 Reading Questions

Instructions
Reading/study questions are included for each chapter. Follow the syllabus and Talon for due dates. Late submissions will NOT be graded. Generally, you will find it beneficial to view the videos before answering the questions for each chapter. Submit reading/study questions in the drop box as an attachment.

Thoughtfully respond in writing to the following study questions

1. First define the terms ”development” and ”learning.” Then describe how the processes of development and learning are related?

2. As discussed in this chapter, children’s experiences and relationships impact brain development. This chapter provides many implications or suggestions about how we use our knowledge about brain development in our practice with children and families. Describe two of the implications and how we can use them to inform our practice.

3. Erikson’s theory focuses on personal and social development through eight stages of life. Briefly explain the first three stage of the early years in your own words:

  • Trust vs Mistrust
  • Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt
  • Initiative vs Guilt

4. Piaget’s theory focuses on cognitive development. He recognized that children don’t think like adults. Their thinking develops over time through interactions with the others and the environment. Briefly describe the cognitive development of children in the:

  • Sensorimotor stage
  • Preoperational period.

5. Give your own example of each of the following kinds of play:

  • Functional Play
  • Constructive Play
  • Symbolic or Dramatic Play
  • Games with Rules

Briefly share your memory and then reflect on what you were learning while you played. What area of development did you enhance? When you think about this play experience, do you find you are still interested in these kinds of play or do you express this in your work?

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Chapter 4 Discussion: Play

This discussion post has two parts: Share a favorite Play Memory and Share an Example of Imitation

1. In the opening of this module, I told a story about some of my favorite play memories outdoors as a child. In this discussion post, I’d like you to think about a favorite play memory from your childhood. Briefly share your memory and then reflect on what you were learning while you played. What area of development did you enhance? When you think about this play experience, do you find you are still interested in these kinds of play or do you express this in your work?

For example, my oldest son is an architect. As a child he loved to play with blocks, draw and later tinker on the computer. Those early play experiences and interests are definitely connected to his work as an architect. Do you see a connection from your play favorite play experiences to your current job interests or hobbies?

2. In the chapter we learned about Bandura’s social cognitive theory. In this theory he asserts that children learn by imitating others. When my youngest son was about three, he noticed me throwing a pair of socks up the stairs in our home to his big brother(throwing things up or down the stairs was not allowed in our home!). He watched me do this, stood with his hands on his hips and said in a very loud voice ”Mom! That’s not apopiate (appropriate) behavior!” Wow! Where do you think a three year old learned that? He had my behavior down to the tone of my voice, hands on the hips and used a big vocabulary word for a three year old!

Share an example of a time you notice a child imitating others. Who were they imitating? Parents, siblings, friends, characters on the television? Was it a positive or negative behavior they were imitating?

Use technology and questioning strategies used by professional educators as well as develop your own questions to be incorporated during lessons.

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Science Lesson – Technology

Thoughtful educators are always looking for effective strategies to foster student learning. Using technology and asking engaging questions are great ways to help students connect to their prior knowledge, encourage exploration, and problem solve within the content area.

Use technology and questioning strategies used by professional educators as well as develop your own questions to be incorporated during lessons.

When observing and assisting with teaching two lessons, one science and one health/PE/nutrition (an integrated health and science lesson may count for either requirement). During this week, pay specific attention to the following:

* Technology that could be used by teachers to enhance instruction

* Technology that could be used by students to enhance engagement and learning

* Questioning strategies utilized during instruction and/or as formative assessment

prepare and implement three effective student questions for each observed lesson. The questions may be designed for the whole class, small group, or one-on-one to support the lesson objectives. The questions should stimulate students’ prior knowledge and encourage exploration and problem-solving within the content areas.

Use any remaining field experience hours to assist the mentor teacher in providing instruction and support to the class.

In 250-words, reflect  on the lessons you observed, the questions you developed and implemented, and your additional experiences in the classes, describing the following:

* Technology used to enhance instruction of science/health content. If technology was not used, discuss how it could be integrated into the lesson/s.

* Questioning strategies used to enhance the learning of science/health content. If not implemented, discuss where and how they would have been effective.

* How the questions you developed stimulated students’ prior knowledge and encouraged exploration and problem-solving

* How you plan to apply what you learned to your future professional practice.

Compare results of the audit evaluation against audit objectives and criteria plan. Briefly explain using 5-9 sentences, if and how the objectives have been met. Explain using 5-9 sentences how you analyse data and audit results.

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DIPLOMA IN QUALITY AUDITING

Task 251 – Compile Audit Results
For this unit you will be undertaking the process of Reporting on an Audit you have undertaken. A small flow chart has been provided below to help you through the assessment below.
For an Audit you have undertaken complete the following;

  • T251.1 Compare results of the audit evaluation against audit objectives and criteria plan. Briefly explain using 5-9 sentences, if and how the objectives have been met. Consider in your explanation things like, what the outcomes and standards of the objective were to be, description of the types of data observed and collected.
  • T251.2 Explain using 5-9 sentences how you analyse data and audit results. Include in your response things like Statistical analysis, measure sets of data, inferential analysis, qualitative analysis, Critical Analysis, Objective analysis etc.

Task 252 – Prepare Report
Continuing with the Audit you have completed from Task 251, prepare a full report through undertaking the following; (Consider the audit report template provided below if you do not have an Organisation template)

  • T252.1 Produce audit report according to specified audit requirements.
  • T252.2 Provide objective evidence relating to the need for reduction, elimination and prevention of non-conformance. Provide at least 1 evidence piece to support and substantiate your recommendations or any correction action determined. See “Evidence attached: Y/N” aspects of template below.

Task 253 – Present audit report to auditee
Continuing with the Audit you have completed from Task 251, Present the audit report to auditee and other stakeholders. Ensure you include the following; (Consider the audit report template provided below if you do not have an Organisation template to clearly document these things.)

  • T253.1 Determine and initiate any corrective action required to deal with non-conformance, in consultation with auditee. (See various areas of audit report provided)
  • T253.2 Provide suggestions for improvements where applicable. (See various areas of audit report provided)
  • T253.3 Ensure timelines are agreed on for completion of corrective action activities. (See various areas of audit report provided)
  • T253.4 Ensure corrective action follow-up procedures are agreed with auditee. (See various areas of audit report provided)
  • T253.5 Then discuss in 4-6 sentences the process on how the above process was discussed with the auditee and then undertaken.

Task 254 – Monitor and review audit system and activities
Continuing with the Audit you have completed from Task 251, Monitor and review audit system and activities. From this, complete a post audit report that examines the audit. Ensure you include the following as a minimum in your report;

  • T254.1 Evaluate effectiveness and suitability in achieving audit objectives
  • T254.2 Investigate possible improvements in audit methods, economy and efficiency

Task 255 – Research and Explain
Using 5-7 sentences research and explain the following;

  • T255.1 Describe quality auditing principles, methods and techniques
  • T255.2 Outline and explain the requirements of auditing regulations and standards
  • T255.3 Identify and explain current audit practices
  • T255.4 Identify and briefly explain software applications relevant to conducting quality auditing activities

Explain clearly the variables you use and the constraints you construct. What is the minimum cost transportation schedule and what are the corresponding costs?

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Paint Transhipment Problem

A company has two factories, one each at Bristol and Leeds. The factories produce paints which are
sold to five wholesalers. The wholesalers are either supplied directly from the factories or through
one of the company warehouses, the transportation costs being paid by the company. The company
has three warehouses, one each in London, Birmingham and Glasgow. Table 1 shows the
transportation costs per ton for deliveries from the suppliers to the warehouses or wholesalers and
also from the warehouses to the wholesalers, omitting entries when delivery from a certain supplier
or warehouse is impossible for some destination.

Warehouse Wholesaler
Supplier London Birmingham Glasgow 1 2 3 4 5
Bristol 25 23 – 80 – 90 100 86
Leeds 30 27 30 – 70 54 – 100
London – – – 37 31 – 40 44
Birmingham – – – 36 40 43 40 46
Glasgow – – – 45 42 30 – 36

TABLE 1: TRANSPORTATION COSTS IN £’S/TON DELIVERED
The two factories at Bristol and Leeds can produce up to 40,000 and 50,000 tons per week
respectively. No more than 20,000 15,000 and 12,000 tons can be moved each week through the
warehouse in London, Birmingham and Glasgow, respectively. Wholesalers 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 require at
least 15,000, 20,000, 13,000, 14,000 and 16,000 tons per week respectively.
Answer the following three parts of the problem. Parts A and B are worth 30% each while part C is
worth 40% of the overall mark for this problem.

A. Formulate a linear programming model to determine the minimum cost transportation schedule.
Explain clearly the variables you use and the constraints you construct. What is the minimum
cost transportation schedule and what are the corresponding costs?

B. Discuss the effect on the minimum transportation cost when capacity at each factory or
warehouse is altered by adding or subtracting one ton. What are the minimum capacity changes
at Glasgow that will alter the optimum set of routes and what will those alterations be? Explain
how you arrive at each one of your answers.

C. The management of the company is considering the possibility of closing down one of the
warehouses as this is expected to result in substantial labour and maintenance savings. Further,
the manager of the Birmingham warehouse is considering sub–letting some of the capacity of
this warehouse. Such sub–lets would have to be in exact multiples of 1000 tons. It is estimated
that each 1000 tons of capacity could be let for £21,000 per week. Formulate a mixed integer
linear programming model – or, if necessary, different model variants – to examine and evaluate
the alternative courses of action. What would you recommend the company to do, and why?
Discuss the alternatives, also taking into account the solution from part (a) and explain which
additional information you might need (if any) to give the company more specific advice.

To what extent is racism crippling the progress of civilization. Discuss

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Racism

To what extent is racism crippling the progress of civilization. Discuss

Apply leadership concepts to enhance critical thinking and problem-solving in real-world settings. Demonstrate advancing leadership skills in order to allow individuals to lead across disciplines and environments.

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Communication across cultures

Format
Review the MSL Applied Case Study again (the Starbucks case you downloaded at the beginning of the program). Where do the concepts we’ve studied in this class emerge in the case? Select three areas of focus from our course content. In what ways are the concepts you’ve selected demonstrated in the case? The demonstration of the content might be in a positive or negative manner – you decide. Based on what you know now, recommend one course of action. Use specific examples to support your work.

Prepare a 4-6 page paper to present your analysis and application of the course content to the applied case. Incorporate references from our course texts to support your work.

Course content/goals:
-Apply leadership concepts to enhance critical thinking and problem-solving in real-world settings.
-Demonstrate advancing leadership skills in order to allow individuals to lead across disciplines and environments.
-Apply collaborative skills to leadership processes.
-Demonstrate ethical leadership skills in accordance with Ignatian values.
-Demonstrate effective communication skills for personal and organizational leadership.
-Demonstrate deliberate reflective practice as a means for professional formation.

Why does Hume claim that the virtues of Benevolence and Justice are nearly universal moral principles in communities worldwide? According to Nietzsche, what is the difference between “slave morality” and “master morality”?

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Make two separate postings in the Discussion Forum. Your posts should address the following issues:

1)Why does Hume claim that the virtues of Benevolence and Justice are nearly universal moral principles in communities worldwide?

2)According to Nietzsche, what is the difference between “slave morality” and “master morality”?

Is it appropriate for nonmembers of the Makah tribe to evaluate the morality of the Makah whale hunt? Explain.

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Written Case 5

1. The Makah tribe claim to have hunted gray whales for more than 2,000 years. They stopped in the 1920s due to a decline in the number of gray whales. Now they want to return to the hunt to provide food for their tribe and to restore the young men’s sense of discipline and pride in their traditions. Pro-ponents of the hunt claim that a majority of the tribe support the hunt, which is expected to take fewer than the five whales they are permitted by law to kill. Tribal leaders claim they will take no pregnant or nursing females. Some Makah elders disagree, however, pointing out that the tribe survived for most of the twentieth century without eating whale meat and claiming that there are better ways to instill pride and discipline. The environmental community argues that the whale hunt is immoral because it violates the whales’ right to exist on the planet. Is it appropriate for nonmembers of the Makah tribe—for example, students in your class—to evaluate the morality of the Makah whale hunt? Explain.

2. In each of the following cases, the behavior illustrated seems to suggest that the people’s values differ significantly from our own. Consider the possibility that, beneath appearances, the values are similar. Develop a plausible explanation for the difference in behavior.

3. Your Written Case Analysis on this case needs to be at least 500 words. One thing you need to do is identify the parties at stake and the moral issues at stake.

4. In addition to talking about the parties at stake and the moral issues at stake in this case, you need to do one more thing. You need to need to analyze this case in terms of two of the following (you pick the two): utility, duties, and rights. Here’s how to do that.

a) If you choose the principle of utility, think about how the happiness of the Makah in favor of whaling is at stake in this case. Also, think about how the happiness of the Makah not in favor of whaling is at stake. Also, think about the happiness of the environmental community and any other significant parties involved. Then explain what, ultimately, the principle of utility would say to do in this case.

b) If you choose duties, think about the duties that pertain to the Makah in favor of whaling in this case. Also, think about the duties that pertain to the Makah not in favor of whaling in this case. Also, think about the duties that pertain to the environmental community and any other significant parties involved. Then explain what, ultimately, you think should be done in this case from the point of view of the duties involved.

c) If you choose rights, think about the rights that pertain to the Makah in favor of whaling in this case. Also, think about the rights that pertain to the Makah not in favor of whaling in this case. Also, think about the rights that pertain to the environmental community and any other significant parties involved. Then explain what, ultimately, you think should be done in this case from the point of view of the rights involved.

5. Your essay needs to be at least 500 words minimum and it needs to use proper MLA documentation.

How has MMCI/Allina Health used EBP? Are most other hospital systems in the United States using EBP in similar ways or are there difference in the adoption of EBP? Based on your own knowledge and possibly your own community, what impacts do healthcare mergers have on patient care and EBP?

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Economics and Ethics

Evidence-Based Practice Case Study

The coordination of care through integrated delivery systems is at the foundation of health care delivery in the United States. Often a primary goal of government officials, public health professionals, and health care administrators, measuring care coordination is a key performance indicator that directly correlates with the overall success of the health system (Johnson ” Stokopf, 2010).
Northwestern Hospital first opened its doors back 1882 in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Early hospitals were small, often with fewer than 50 beds, unsanitary, and nonscientific compared to their modern counterparts (Allina Health). Moreover, they mainly served the poorest members of the community or patients who were mentally ill or facing life-threating illnesses. Northwestern Hospital was an early pioneer in the establishment of what would eventually become evidence-based practice (EBP) and featured one of the first schools of nursing in the United States (Allina Health).

Introduction
For over a century Northwestern Hospital’s use of EBP has enabled clinicians and practitioners to incorporate best treatment practices at the point of patient care in both their hospital and ambulatory organizations. For example, Northwestern’s goal to enhance quality delivery and overall patient care hastened the formation of a new entity, Minneapolis Medical Center Incorporated (MMCI). In 1966, Northwestern Hospital, along with other health care facilities in the Minneapolis area, formed the nucleus of an organization that would significantly master care coordination and delivery in the ensuing decades. Ultimately, an EBP environment created a standard of patient care that enabled MMCI to advance care delivery and health care education and lay the foundations of a modern health care delivery system.

Case Report
MMCI established a culture of continuous quality improvement (CQI). Wenke, Jongwha, LaClair, and Paz (2013) have linked CQI to better clinical quality and improved patient satisfaction. The best practice in EBP methodology is to ensure that patient care is coordinated and of high quality through the use of objective clinical data from credible sources and references. By the 1980s, a desire to add resources and support services for the coordinated care of patients such as physical rehabilitation helped lead an evolution from Northwestern Hospital to MMCI and then formation of Abbott Northwestern Hospital. Since that time, the hospital’s health services offerings have grown into a primary health system, supporting cardiovascular care, medical education, and health plans.

Conclusion
MMCI recently went through a merger and is now part of a larger health system called Allina Health that serves patients in locations across the Midwest. It has significantly expanded its portfolio of services that utilize EBP to guide care including mental health services, neuroscience, orthopedic care, and cancer treatment. Additionally, decision makers in nursing and medicine throughout this newly formed health system must understand and master each care component to maximize system efficiency and effectiveness.

Assignment
Write a 3-page paper answering the following questions. Please include at least 2 scholarly resources to further support your positions.

Questions
1. In your own words, what is EBP?
2. Is it a worthy goal for U.S. health care delivery? Why or why not?
3. How has MMCI/Allina Health used EBP? Are most other hospital systems in the United States using EBP in similar ways or are there difference in the adoption of EBP?
4. Based on your own knowledge and possibly your own community, what impacts do healthcare mergers have on patient care and EBP?