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Assume the role of state’s attorney or defense attorney. What are some of the other alternatives to a life sentence in prison? Are they appropriate given the violent nature of this crime?

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Part 1
Suspect Hopkins is now being sentenced to life in prison for his involvement in the robbery. The State’s Attorney has taken into consideration Keith Hopkins’ cooperation in the investigation, as well as his remorse for the victims.

In the adversarial system, both sides (prosecution and defense) represent their party’s positions before an impartial body who will attempt to determine the truth. The adversarial system also allows both parties to determine the appropriate sentencing once an individual charged with a crime is convicted.

Take the role of either the state’s attorney or the defense attorney. Make an argument of whether a life sentence is appropriate (or not) in this scenario.

Assume the role of state’s attorney or defense attorney.
Give ample support for your argument from the assumed perspective.
What are some of the other alternatives to a life sentence in prison? Are they appropriate given the violent nature of this crime?

Part2
The chief of detectives is scheduled to present a lecture to the new class of detectives being held at the police academy, and he has asked you to prepare a memorandum for him to review. In your memorandum, you should include the following:

How to plan for an interview or interrogation
Your discussion of planning should distinguish between planning for an interview from planning for an interrogation, as well as planning for the interview that turns into an interrogation.
Are there aspects of your plan that depend on the subject matter (e.g., a homicide vs. a kidnapping)? If so, what are they? If not, what are they?
Prior to conducting an interview or interrogation, what aspects should be anticipated?

What are the best ways to counter-act a potential public panic when sharing emerging information? Who would be the best people to allay fear in this situation? What would be the most important messages that you can convey to the public?

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Risk Communications

Directions:
Fully answer questions using an APA 4-page discussion post narrative style and DO NOT simply provide a list of comments. Please format by using logical paragraphs (not one long paragraph and avoid long lists).
Make sure to cite AT LEAST 3 scholarly or high-quality sources. Wikipedia or sensational or personal websites DO NOT qualify.

As we have seen, time and time again, the 24-hr news cycle has a tendency to focus and hyperbolize public health emergencies and emerging outbreaks. For COVID-19:
• What are the best ways to counter-act a potential public panic when sharing emerging information?
• Who would be the best people to allay fear in this situation?
• What would be the most important messages that you can convey to the public?
• How would your COVID-19 investigation be different if it was not an infectious agent (for instance, the outbreak of sudden illness from vape pens)?
• How about if it were an environmental hazard or emergency?
• Would you use forensic epidemiology as part of your investigation?
• What do you think would be the best way to disseminate your findings? Would you use social media? Public Health and medicine websites? Flyers in doctors’ offices or hospitals? Public Service Announcement (PSA) on television or radio?
• What are the benefits and downfalls of the media type that you have chosen? Any other novel or cutting-edge ways that heath information may be shared?

If MR C is assigned to Shana, what resources are available to help her? Do you think there is overlapping of roles in this scenario? If Melissa considered the assignment to be inappropriate, what should she do?

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Case Study Assignment 1: The Three Factor Framework in Acute Care

Read the case below and answer all the questions that follow.

Case Scenario

There are two RN’s and four RPN’s working in a medical floor on a day shift in a hospital. All nurses are assigned four patients each. One RN has been assigned to two complex patients out of the four. The other RN, Shana has just started working in the hospital and is a new grad. The new Grad RN, Shana, is working with an RPN Melissa. Melissa has been working on the same floor from the last five years. The hospital has adequate support system, including support nurses, registered therapists, doctors on call and PSW’s to help. There is another RN present who is working as charge nurse.

Patient 1

Mr B has paraplegia from last 10 years. He has muscular contractures and is total care. He has been admitted for a week with diagnosis of left leg cellulitis. Mr B has family members that stay with him during the day and night. Mr B. is receiving IV antibiotics for his cellulitis. Mr B. is also scheduled to have daily dressing for his left leg cellulitis. MR B needs turning and repositioning every 2 hrs and as needed. His vital signs have been stable. The plan is to discharge him with PO antibiotics once the course of IV antibiotics is done. The patient is otherwise medically stable.

Patient 2

Mr C is just admitted from emergency today with diagnosis of acute heart failure and lower GI bleed. The Hgb is 75, the patient is ordered to have 2 units of PRBC. The patient gets SOB on minimal exertion and is on 5 L of oxygen. The oxygen saturations are between 94-95% on 5 L of oxygen. The patient is very anxious and is calling for help often.

The charge nurse assigns Mr. C to RPN Melissa RPN and Mr. B to Shana RN. The charge nurse thinks that Melissa has dealt with more complex situations in the past and is familiar with the routine and possesses more knowledge, skill and judgment.

Questions:

Is the assignment appropriate? Utilize the three-factor framework from the CNO guideline, the Nurse, the Client, the Environment to support your discussion.

If MR C is assigned to Shana, what resources are available to help her?

Do you think there is overlapping of roles in this scenario?

If Melissa considered the assignment to be inappropriate, what should she do?

 

Post your response in 250-500 words and use APA referencing for citations.

Who are the parties to the conflict? What are the parties’ interests? What are the parties’ grievances? What are the trigger events? What are the root causes of the conflict?

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Violence in Voinjama, Liberia

In February 2010, in a small town of Konia, Lofa County, a 20-year girl named Korpo Kamara went missing and was later found dead. There were many different stories that people began telling about how and why the girl died. These stories turned into rumors that spread across Lofa County like wild fire. That winter, the only radio station that normally operates in Lofa County was off the air due to technical problems. Because the radio station was down, there was no effective way to prevent or dispel the rumors. These continued to spread rapidly through the County due to widespread ownership of mobile phones. The rumors circulating about the young girl’s death heightened communal tensions in Lofa Country. On February 26, 2010 violent clashes erupted in Voinjama, the capital of Lofa County. Four people died during the clashes, many were wounded, and there was significant property damage. Using the information provided in this packet, work with your group to develop a conflict map that represents your understanding of the conflict. Draw the map on the flip chart. When developing the map you should consider the following questions:

Who are the parties to the conflict?
What are the parties’ interests?
What are the parties’ grievances?
What are the trigger events?
What are the root causes of the conflict?

Identify the steps required in designing a logistics network around a one-warehouse infrastructure. Discuss these steps from a strategic SCM level and associate these steps with possible issues at the operational and tactical level that the supply chain manager must think about when designing a logistics network around a one-warehouse facility.

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Designing a Logistics Network Around a One Warehouse Infrastructure Constraint

Write a 4 page paper that describes how you would design a logistics network consisting of only one warehouse. In the discussion, include the steps you need to take in order to design the optimal network. Identify the information and data is needed to make this determination. Also identify the strategy that will be employed in this network.

Utilize the following outline:

1. Introduction
Introduce the concept of logistics network design and why it is an important aspect of supply chain management. Discuss what a typical logistics network consists of (such as suppliers, manufacturers, production facilities, distribution centers, ect). Identify that not all business that produce products are capable of having such an in depth logistics network. Finish the introduction with a thesis statement that explores how a supply chain manager would design a logistics network around a supply chain infrastructure that consisted of only one warehouse. Ensure to include identifying the necessary steps required to design the network; determining the information and data needed to make an informed decision about the network; and identifying an optimal employment strategy that will ensure network sustainability into the statement.

2. Steps in Designing an Optimal Logistics Network
Identify the steps required in designing a logistics network around a one-warehouse infrastructure. Discuss these steps from a strategic SCM level and associate these steps with possible issues at the operational and tactical level that the supply chain manager must think about when designing a logistics network around a one-warehouse facility.

3. Information and Data Requirements
Discuss some of the information and data required to design a logistics network around a one-warehouse facility (e.g. storage specifications, inventory specs and historical levels, lead time, and costs. Also discuss how a supply chain manager can obtain this information. (ERP, inventory policy, ect).

4. Employment Strategy
Discuss how to employ an optimal logistics network design strategy focused around a one-warehouse facility. Generalize the layout of the facility and how a product will flow throught it. Also discuss the importance of monitoring these aspects and how to monitor them as well.

 

Where, or in what ways, can a researcher acquire information/data that can be used for a case study? In other words, what are some various sources for information that a researcher can use in a case study?

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CASE STUDY ASSIGNMENT INSTRUCTIONS

OVERVIEW
There are many methods available for conducting research, one of which is a case study. The purpose of this Case Study Assignment is for you to learn how to conduct and complete a case study. Proper current APA formatting throughout the document is a substantial part of the content of this Case Study Assignment. You will use what you learn in this Case Study Assignment in a future course assignment.

INSTRUCTIONS
Answer the following four questions using current APA format throughout (including your title page, appropriate vocabulary, and sentence structure, writing in third person, in-text citations, page numbers, levels of headings throughout the document, an introductory statement, a conclusion statement, and consistency between your in-text citations and references). Use your course textbooks, including your Introduction to Research textbook and the Publication Manual, and at least two additional scholarly references. This Case Study Assignment must have a title page, plus 2 – 4 pages of appropriate content, and a reference page. Give the answers to these questions in your own words and with your own explanation. Cite your sources in-text, and list your various sources as references on your references page.

This Case Study Assignment is requiring level one headings based on each of the questions. Create your own brief phrase for a properly formatted level one heading based on each question to be clear about which item you are answering. Your headings must not be simply copied/pasted from the questions. An acceptable heading must clearly capture the essence of each question. Headings are typically brief statements. See various sections of your Publication Manual for details about the requirements in this Case Study Assignment.

1. What is a case study?

2. What are advantages and disadvantages of this approach?

3. What are some reasons for using a case study approach?

4. Where, or in what ways, can a researcher acquire information/data that can be used for a case study? In other words, what are some various sources for information that a researcher can use in a case study?

Note: For question four, these are two ways of stating the same question; these are not two separate questions.

Write a reaction to one of the following links on the NIDA website: amphetamines, cocaine, OR nicotine. What did you learn about amphetamines, cocaine, or nicotine that you did not know before?

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Amphetamines, Cocaine, or Nicotine

Write a reaction (100 words) to one of the following links on the NIDA website: amphetamines, cocaine, OR nicotine. What did you learn about amphetamines, cocaine, or nicotine that you did not know before? (10 points)

Write a 100-word response about the prevalence and risk factors associated with club drugs. (10 points)

Choose a pay for performance method from the following categories: Individual, Group, or Organizational performance and use the Internet to locate the website of a company which has recently introduced a new pay system.

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DISCUSSION POST

Topic: Choose a pay for performance method from the following categories: Individual, Group, or Organizational performance and use the Internet to locate the website of a company which has recently introduced a new pay system.

Then assess from the information, the drivers that were making the change necessary for the company, the steps and rationale of the system, implementation steps they utilized, and their results. Be sure to provide any URLs you used as a reference source for your answer.

Is there a significant relationship between first-line managers’ roles and employee innovative behavior in oil and gas organizations in the UAE? What are the significant first-line managers’ roles that impact employee innovative behaviour?

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Literature Review Matrix & Paper Formatting

Role of First-Line Managers in Implementing Effective Innovation in Organizations

Introduction
Research Background
In the current age of rapid changes, businesses are under increased pressure to engage in innovative behaviors and practices to gain a competitive advantage in the market. Innovation enables firms to be more flexible and adaptable to ever-changing and advancing technologies and the unpredictable and uncertain business environment. However, for businesses to innovate they have to rely on their employees’ innovative behaviors to develop solutions to the problems facing an organization (Elidemir, Ozturen, & Bayighomog, 2020). It is critical to note that employees’ innovative behavior is frequently influenced by the climate in which they work (Theure, Tumasjan, & Welpe, 2020). Given that environment is defined as workers’ impressions of official and informal organizational rules, practices, and procedures, it is reasonable to anticipate that the roles of first line managers can impact the innovative behavior exhibited by employees (Theurer et al. 2020).
The current study will seek to offer insights into the impact of first-line managers’ roles on the employees’ innovative behavior in the organization. The research study will specifically, focus on the oil and gas sector in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) which in the last year has experienced upheavals driven by a considerable drop in oil prices (The National, 2021). The reducing oil prices as well as shifting demand for oil and gas driven by tightening emissions regulations across the world, the rise of electric vehicles, considerable demand growth being driven by countries outside the organization for economic co-operation and development (OECD) and the younger generation embracing the sharing economy thus reducing the demand for oil means that oil and gas companies have to embrace innovation (The National, 2021). Innovation in this case is in pursuit of new efficiencies such as cutting costs to maximize productivity and profits and to produce low hydrocarbon products (The National, 2021).
With the changing price and demand dynamics, a majority of the oil and gas companies in the UAE have responded with innovation initiatives. Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC) for example putting in place a 2030 strategy whereby the company aims to transform its business and future success by delivering growth, value creation, and profitability by seeking new ways to suit the current world and the future needs (ADNOC, 2021). However, while it has not been difficult to introduce technology advances and innovations, putting them in place, maintaining them, and keeping them successful over time has proven challenging (Abuhejleh, Dulaimi, & Ellahham, 2016). To ensure successful implementation of technological innovation, there is a need to provide adequate organizational support to employees to ensure they exhibit positive energy and eagerness which motives them to go beyond their defined job responsibilities and exhibit innovative behaviour (Riaz, Xu, & Hussain, 2018). Therefore, this study will determine the impact of first line managers’ role on employee innovative behavior in the UAE oil companies.
In the ever dynamic and competitive contemporary business environment, businesses are always striving for competitive advantage with innovation being earmarked as one of the avenues to help organizations to achieve a larger market share (Alhammadi Tham, & Azam, 2020). Technological advancements, shifts in customer behavior, greater competition, limited resources, short product lifecycles, and changing business models are among the elements that have helped drive the need for innovation in businesses in recent times (Kozioł-Nadolna, 2020). Moreover, internal factors which affect employees’ innovative behavior and the subsequent competitiveness and productivity of the organization include material, intangible, and human resources (Kozioł-Nadolna, 2020). Internal factors role in organizational innovation is informed by the resource-based view (RBV) which implores organizations and management to focus internally and assess assets, capabilities and competencies that can help an organization generate and deliver competitive advantages (David & DeWitt, 2021; Kozioł-Nadolna, 2020).
Based on the RBV, employees are one of the most valuable internal resources to organizational innovation (Cruz & Haugan, 2019). Employees create and introduce new ideas and innovations with their attitudes towards innovation playing a crucial role in how an organization perceives problem finding and solutions and determining how effectively an organization can adopt and implement innovations (Paulikas, 2018). Hansen Amundsen, Aasen, and Gressgård (2017) further note that leaders and managers can influence employees’ attitudes towards innovation by being open to new ideas, making the employees aware of the impact of their innovative ideas on the organization, open communication and trusting employee to solve problems. First-line managers, in particular, are critical in influencing employees’ attitudes towards innovation, employee innovative behaviors and innovation implementation since they are the ones who are in constant contact with employees (Fader, 2014; Schultz, 2020). With leaders playing such a crucial role in implementing effective innovation in organizations, several studies have been undertaken to examine the role of managers and specifically line managers in organizational innovation.
A study by Fader (2014) indicated that the role of first-line managers in encouraging employee innovative behavior included recognition and encouragement of innovative behaviors, empowering employees in problem-solving and supporting innovation through participative decision making and openness to new ideas. The views by Fader (2014) showing the important role of first-line managers are supported by Kozioł-Nadolna (2020) who indicated that first-line managers stimulate innovation by incentivizing and rewarding innovative behaviors, openness to new ideas and new ways of doing things and inspiring employees by settings goals and open communication. Despite the above studies indicating that first-line managers have a crucial role to play in implementing innovation in an organization, the managers sometimes lack the necessary skills to achieve the goal. Specifically, Fader (2014) notes that line managers are often not trained and equipped with sufficient knowledge on how to stimulate and implement innovation. In UAE specifically, a survey undertaken by Abuhejleh et al. (2016) evaluating businesses that had participated in a UAE organized World Government summit indicated that only 26% of the participants have successfully generated and implemented innovations. Therefore, while first line managers can play a crucial role in stimulating and implementing innovation, they are usually hampered when it comes to the effective implementation of innovation in an organization. Therefore, this research will seek to solve the issue and research gap by examining the role of first-line manager in stimulating employee innovative behavior, thus helping organizations to better equip line managers with the relevant training and knowledge for effective innovation implementation.

Problem statement
Innovation implementation has proven a challenge to numerous businesses, especially in the UAE where 65% of the firms surveyed indicated that they were able to generate innovation but failed in implementing them (Abuhejleh et al. 2016). While organizations are aware and able to generate innovation, sustaining them in the long term and ensuring that they are effective in achieving the intended objective has proven a challenge. According to Rønningstad (2018), a key role of first-line managers entails passing innovative ideas proposed by employees to top management to shape decision making. In this respect, first-line managers need to exhibit openness to new ideas as well as open communication with employees to enable them understand employees’ perspectives on improving operations (Rønningstad, 2018). However, studies such as Alhadhrami (2013) have shown that in the UAE, the Arabic culture influences managers to not accept direct and open communication from their subordinates which makes it difficult for the managers to understand innovative ideas from employees. As a result, there is a gap in literature which this study will seek to address since it is realized that although open communication is crucial role of first line managers in promoting employee innovative behavior, it is disregarded in the UAE organizational setting.
At the same time, Hasnat and Philbin (2021) explained that employees’ attitudes affect their innovative behavior in which employees with positive attitudes are likely to make suggestions on how to improve the organization operations and increase profitability. However, research by Al-Ali (2018) showed that UAE employees exhibit negative attitudes towards their work since they do not regard their jobs as a source of satisfaction leading to high rates of absenteeism and turnover. In this regard, the gap on how employee attitudes in the UAE can be improved to promote innovative behavior is addressed in this study. One of the ways organizations can mitigate challenges affecting innovation is by involving first-line managers who play a crucial role in stimulating and implementing innovation through open communication, participative decision and settings goals (Kozioł-Nadolna, 2020). However, first-line managers rarely succeed in the effective implementation of innovation due to poor training, insufficient knowledge on how to stimulate and implement innovation and funding. Therefore, this research study will seek to offer insights to organizations on the critical role first-line managers play in the successful, effective and sustained implementation of innovation.
Purpose of the study
To examine the impact of first-line managers’ roles on employee innovative behavior in oil and gas organizations in the UAE.

Research objectives
• To determine trends of employee innovative behavior in oil and gas organizations in the UAE.
• To determine trends of first-line managers’ roles in oil and gas organizations in the UAE.
• To determine the correlation between first-line managers’ roles and employee innovative behavior in oil and gas organizations in the UAE.

Research Questions
• Is there a significant relationship between first-line managers’ roles and employee innovative behavior in oil and gas organizations in the UAE?
• What are the significant first-line managers’ roles that impact employee innovative behaviour?

What is meant by narrow-sense heritability? What is the change in body mass across generations, per generation? Calculate the average actual change in body mass within one generation caused by selection.

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Genes, Development & Inheritance

Question 1

The recessive disease cystic fibrosis (CF) occurs among newborn babies in the UK at a frequency of 1 in 2,500. Given this information and assuming that the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium:
a) What is the frequency of the recessive CF allele in the general population?
b) What is the frequency of heterozygotes in the general population?

These estimates can be useful in calculating the risk that a child will have the disease. What is the probability that an affected child will be born in each of the following situations?:
c) One parent is affected (has CF) and the other parent has no family history of the disease.
d) The parents are unrelated and neither has a family history of the disease.
e) One parent is heterozygous for a CF allele; the other parent has no known family history of cystic fibrosis.

Question 2

Researchers discovered that a polymorphism in the human PRNP gene confers resistance to an acquired neurodegenerative disease called kuru. There are two alleles, one coding for the amino acid methionine (M), and one coding for valine (V).

The researchers genotyped women from the Fore population in Papua New Guinea, which has a high rate of kuru. The women’s genotypes were:

Genotype Observed numbers
MM 16
MV 86
VV 23
Females

a) Test if this polymorphism is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE).

To do this, use the HWE equation to work out genotype frequencies, and then use these frequencies to estimate the numbers of individuals of each genotype. Compare how well the observed and estimated match using the chi-square test.

Genotype observed
numbers estimated
numbers deviation d=o-e d2 d2/e
MM
MV
VV

b) If the polymorphism is not in HWE, why is this? What is this type of selection called?

Q 2, continued:

A group of Fore men were also genotyped, and their genotypes were:

Males
Genotype Observed numbers
MM 34
MV 111
VV 60

c) Is this polymorphism in HWE in the men?

An anthropologist tells you that kuru is transmitted by consuming the brains of kuru-infected individuals, and the Fore routinely ate their deceased relatives at mortuary feasts. The men had the first choice of tissues, and they left the less attractive brain for the women to eat.

d) Explain your results from part a) and c) in the light of this new information.

e) The people genotyped in this study were all born before a major kuru epidemic in the 1950s and 1960s. The Fore have now stopped mortuary feasts and kuru is now very rare. Would you expect genotypes from a sample of younger Fore individuals to be in HWE, or not? Explain your answer.

Question 3
A population of red deer was trapped on the island of Jersey (off the coast of France) in the last inter-glacial period, about 6000 years ago. From the fossil record, we can see that the deer rapidly adapted to their new conditions, perhaps by selection for shorter reproduction times in the absence of predators on the island. They evolved from a mean body mass of 200 kg 6000 years ago, to a current mean body mass of 36 kg.

Assume the average generation time is 5 years, and the narrow-sense heritability has been estimated from current red deer populations to be 0.5.

a) What is meant by narrow-sense heritability?
b) What is the change in body mass across generations, per generation?
c) Calculate the average actual change in body mass within one generation caused by selection (this is known as the selection differential, S). You will want to use the equation R=h2S, where h2 is the narrow-sense heritability and R is the response to selection, in this case the change in body mass across generations.
d) What major assumption about h2 did you make in your answer to (c). Is it likely to be correct?

Question 4
The giant polytene chromosomes of Drosophila arise when the DNA in a cell is replicated many times but there is no cell division. Up to 1024 copies of a chromosome can be present in a single nucleus. During this replication process the copies of a chromosome fail to separate into distinct chromatids, the result being a bundle of aligned chromosome copies. These polytene chromosomes have banding patterns that can be used to identify changes in chromosome structure.

Six bands in a salivary gland polytene chromosome of Drosophila are shown above, along with the extent of five deletions (Del1 to Del5):

Recessive lethal alleles, a, b, c, d, e, and f are known to be in the region, but their order is unknown. When heterozygous flies are produced, combining a deletion and one of the mutant alleles, the following results are obtained:

a b c d e f
Del1 – – – + + +
Del2 – + – + + +
Del3 – + – + – +
Del4 + + – – – +
Del5 + + + – – –

In this table, “-” means that the combination is lethal and that the deletion is therefore missing the corresponding wild-type allele (the deletion uncovers the recessive allele). A “+” means that flies of that genotype are viable. Use these data to infer in which polytene chromosome band each gene is located.

Question 5
Triploidy is the most common polyploidy in humans and is usually lethal in utero, accounting for 17% of spontaneous abortions. Most triploids result from dispermy (two sperm fertilizing the same egg). Explaining your reasoning, give the relative probabilities of the resulting karyotypes:

69,XXX; 69,XXY; 69,XYY.