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Do you predict your idea will generate short-term growth, long-term sustainable growth, or both? How can you keep your competitors from easily copying your strategy? What costs, systems, or capabilities are necessary for this growth to occur?

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Generating Growth

USEFUL NOTES:

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Using the company you have selected for your Strategy Development Project, describe one idea to generate substantial top line revenue growth. As you describe and assess this potential move, refer specifically to Figure 4.1 (p. 77) in Chapter 4 of Sherman and to the other readings from this week to support your response.

Do you predict your idea will generate short-term growth, long-term sustainable growth, or both?

How can you keep your competitors from easily copying your strategy?

What costs, systems, or capabilities are necessary for this growth to occur?

Develop a realistic and ethical research question with a measurable aim and objectives. Compile a critical literature review and research methodology. Synthesise research findings and make informed judgements in the light of these. Develop recommendations for future practice and/or further research as a result of findings.

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Government policies that are curtailing the spread of criminal behaviour

The area, which you investigate, must have a link with crime and or crime prevention (victims, perpetrators or process interventions) concerning the justice system. You are encouraged to use your experiences or interests, which relate to issues of crime and criminal justice. This might include experience gained from volunteering/placement, paid work or other areas of experience. Such links can be important in making the dissertation important and interesting for you and your future academic / career development.

The overall aims of the module are to further develop your research abilities. In particular all students will be assisted to:

• Plan a research project (Linking with previous research method modules)
• Identify aims that are achievable, ethical and relevant
• Design a research strategy and utilise a method to achieve aims
• Carry out the research and write up with a description and discussion of results, a set of valid conclusions and recommendations for future practice or further research.

Learning Outcomes:

Assessment
LO1 Develop a realistic and ethical research question with a measurable aim and objectives.

Assessment 1
LO2 Compile a critical literature review and research methodology.

Assessment 1
LO3 Synthesise research findings and make informed judgements in the light of these (Project and Poster).

Assessment 1 & 2
LO4 Develop recommendations for future practice and/or further research as a result of findings (Project and Poster).

Assessment 1 & 2
LO5 Critically reflect on and refine academic and personal goals.

Assessment 1
Demonstrate the ability to meet the research aims and purpose in a dissertation format.

Identify data requirements and the appropriate data collection instruments required for effective business decision making. Conduct appropriate analysis and clearly communicate findings to a stated audience.

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Assignment 2 – WBES data analysis

Using excel sheet attached with data (main data set), it needs to be analysed (charts, filters, pivot tables, median, mean average). In the sheet we have a tab called key with questions. From there we need to choose a minimum of 6 questions that we will analyze (in excel, through filters, tables and charts.) so that we can see from the data provided which country is better to open a business in. And we need to analyse the data and give recommendations.

Your research department has asked you to study the data set and advice the company on the preferred (either South Africa and Kenya) country to set this branch. They are interested in assessing the impact of corruption, poor infrastructure etc on business activities.

1. Identify data requirements and the appropriate data collection instruments required for effective business decision making

2. Conduct appropriate analysis and clearly communicate findings to a stated audience

You have been provided with an edited subset of survey data collected by the World Bank Enterprise survey (WBES). The data set provides some of the obstacles facing businesses in different countries. Your organisation is considering opening a branch in Africa (South Africa or Kenya).

Your research department has asked you to study the data set and advice the company on the preferred (either South Africa and Kenya) country to set this branch. They are interested in assessing the impact of corruption, poor infrastructure etc on business activities.

Your tasks:

1. Analyse data . (check in excel sheet key tab with questions and you can choose the questions) minimum 6 questions/keys questions examples glean 31.03
a. Explore the data provided in order to gain an understanding of the information required by your organisation.
b. Select the questions you wish to analyse to provide the information required (it must not be less than six factors).
c. Analyse the data for your selected questions using appropriate summary statistic.
d. Highlight interesting findings.
e. Make recommendations to the your organisation about the possible impact of these factors on the operations/success of the organization.

2. Present your work in the form of a report in Word.
Suggested steps:

• Familiarise yourself with the data by using Excel’s facilities like sorting, filtering, pivot table, etc.
• Extract the required data from the Excel file provided.
• Pick particular aspects that you want to conduct further, more detailed analysis on.
• Conduct a visual examination of the data by plotting appropriate charts.
• Calculate some standard statistics (e.g., mean, median, mode, etc.).
• Conduct additional analysis that you feel is appropriate to address the tasks
• Show mean median mode, standard obievation.

Choose a notable criminal case whose case would likely have received media attention. Briefly describe what the offender did and information about the victim(s). Apply at least 2 criminological theories or points of view that would describe the criminal case and victimization.

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Notable Criminal Case

In this writing assignments students will be selecting a notable critical case that has likely received media attention. This assignment will help students think critically about motivation for the crime, its outcome and effects on others, as well as issues of media coverage. Students will include theoretical application to describe the criminal case and resulting victimization. This gives students an opportunity to demonstrate knowledge of the combination of crime, victimization and media coverage as issues we face in society.

Textbook: Wallace, H. & Roberson, C. (2018). Victimology: Legal, psychological, and social perspectives. 5th ed. Pearson publishing.

Note the following formatting standards, minimum requirements and resources:

• APA format

• Use a minimum of 4 outside sources.

o Wiki sources are not acceptable.

• Choose a notable criminal case (e.g., Karla Homolka, Susan Smith, Mary Winkler, OJ Simpson, etc.) whose case would likely have received media attention. If you cannot find articles regarding the case you have selected, you will need to select a different one.

Write a paper that addresses the following:

• Briefly describe what the offender did and information about the victim(s). This section should cover no more than 2/3 of the paper content.

• Apply at least 2 criminological theories or points of view that would describe the criminal case and victimization. These need to be from academic sources or scholarly articles. This section should cover no more than 1/3 of the paper content. Include any incidents of victim blaming in the media.

Provide an outlined analysis of their respective arguments, the debates they engage in; discuss the sociological themes they raise, along with the concepts and arguments to draw out the wider implications for the study of race and diaspora.

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Race and diasporas

Essay layout  ‘Arial’ type face;  Font size ‘12’;   Justified margins;   Double line spacing;  Left Justified Page number in footer of page;   Harvard Referencing;  Reference and Bibliography pages.

Main Essay Question

Race and Diasporas  – what is it?   provide an outline and analysis of their arguments and the debates they engage in; provide a discussion of the sociological themes, concepts and arguments presented to draw out the wider implications for the studies.  Compare and Contrast the following pieces of  work (pls mentioned them in the intro)

Two journals, (i) Racism and Diaspora by Michel Wieviorka; (ii) What have I done to deserve this by Rucci; and one book chapter (iii)  The Encyclopaedia of Diasporas  Section on Italians in GB by Luca Sponza

All of which will be uploaded.  

((iii)  The Encyclopaedia of Diasporas  Section on Italians in GB by Luca Sponza (FYI  the contents page states page 874, but when you scroll down the document page is actually 898.  Page 905, first paragraph of 2nd column starting with ‘Difficulties were experienced ….’ could be useful.  If could also bear in mind or perhaps include, (from first-hand experience, don’t know how you could make it appear as part of the text) that some Italians living in London did experience discrimination when looking for rented accommodation.  The accommodation would be substandard – infested bed mattresses, no heating, mold on walls – and some had doors shut in their faces when they inquired about accommodation or lied to – the room had just been taken.  Some houses had displayed in the front windows posters/hand written notices stating,  No Blacks, No Irish, No Dogs, No Italians.  Italians were less welcome than dogs!) Everything else in that paragraph is correct)).

Provide an outlined analysis of their respective arguments, the debates they engage in; discuss the sociological themes they raise, along with the concepts and arguments to draw out the wider implications for the study of race and diaspora.

 Two sources of quantitative data on race and diaspora and provide a descriptive account that relates to the trends and patterns observed in relation to the above journals article and book chapter’s findings.  (I’ve not been able to find any quantitative data on Racism and Diaspora, maybe you could find something, or it might be mentioned in either (i) or (ii) or both)

Construct a 2-by2 contingency table to determine the total number of people who fail the screening test and will be referred for diagnostic testing in the hearing centers. Construct a 2-by-2 contingency table to determine the total number of people who fail the diagnostic test, which represents the target market for hearing aid sales. Explain the significance of Sensitivity and Specificity of Portable audiology equipment and Clinic-based audiology equipment.             

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Timberline Health case study

Instructions

Timberline Health, an integrated delivery system serving residents in five counties in eastern Washington, is considering new opportunities to increase community awareness of the organization’s outpatient health services. As the new business development manager of hearing health services, Jack Andrews is responsible for evaluating the feasibility of marketing activities for the hearing service line and must allocate resources to promotional activities that forecast positive return on investment. One option under consideration is to sponsor the health and wellness pavilion at the Spokane County Fair. Research from comparable markets has shown

that wellness fairs are not only effective at educating communities about potential risk factors for health problems, including hearing loss, but also increasing consumer awareness of new or existing health services provided by local health organizations. These activities are essential to Timberline Health’s mission within the community.

Since little is known about the hearing status of residents in the market area, Jack enlists the services of his organization’s epidemiologist, Dr. Ruth Litchfield, to help him evaluate the potential return on investment for this marketing campaign. Dr. Litchfield incorporates several factors into her analysis. She reviews public health data on hearing loss, occupational and age distribution data for local residents, as well as a query of Timberline Health’s patient databases. Based on this research, she estimates the prevalence of hearing loss in the five-county service area at 18 percent, slightly higher than the national average (NIH, 2010). Jack receives information from the fair’s sales and marketing department to help in his calculations. Specifically, sponsorship consists of an investment of $50,000 for the design and production of promotional materials and rental of pavilion space for the duration of the twelve day fair. Data from the previous three years shows on average 250,000 people attend the fair, of which 1% visit the wellness pavilion and participate in health screening services.

If Timberline Health is to offer mobile hearing screening, the organization must invest in new portable audiology equipment. Jack receives a quotation from his supplier and estimates the total investment in new audiometers and audiometric booths at $16,000. Timberline Health will use existing diagnostic equipment to test people who have failed the initial screening (i.e. test positive for hearing loss), so it is unnecessary to invest in additional equipment for the hearing centers. Vendor specifications for the screening and diagnostic equipment are indicated in Table 1.

 Table 1

Vendor equipment specifications

Equipment Sensitivity Specificity
Portable audiology equipment for free screening 88% 95%
  Clinic-based audiology equipment for follow-up diagnostic testing 99% 99%

Furthermore, Jack calculates that he must provide coverage for three 6-hour shifts per day and each shift must have three audiologists to meet demand for screening tests. He anticipates hiring nine people to provide coverage for the duration of the fair. The hourly rate for audiologists is

$37.50.

People who fail the initial screening at the fair are referred to an audiologist for a diagnostic test. Jack assumes in his calculations that all people who are referred for diagnostic testing follow up with an audiologist in one of Timberline Health’s hearing centers. Initial screening tests at the fair are free; however, Timberline Health charges $57.00 for a diagnostic hearing test, which costs the organization $24.00. Using past sales data and industry metrics, Jack forecasts that of

the total number of people diagnosed with hearing loss at hearing centers only 20% will purchase hearing aids (NIH, 2010). He reviews sales and margin data from the prior year to identify the product mix for his calculations as indicated in Table 2.

 Table 2

Sales and margin data

Hearing Aids Unit Price 2015 Sales Margin
Low-end $1,000 $400,000 24%
Mid-range $2,500 $1,250,000 46%
  High-end $4,000 $400,000 60%

Reference

National Institutes of Health (NIH) (2010, October 1). Fact Sheet: Hearing aids. Retrieved from

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services: National Institutes of Health:

https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/hearing-aids

Write a Memorandum (no more than 2 pages) addressed to your faculty on the Subject of: Statistical Data representation in the Timberline Health case study

  1. Construct a 2-by2 contingency table to determine the total number of people who fail the screening test and will be referred for diagnostic testing in the hearing centers.
  2. Construct a 2-by-2 contingency table to determine the total number of people who fail the diagnostic test, which represents the target market for hearing aid sales.
  3. Explain the significance of Sensitivity and Specificity of Portable audiology equipment and Clinic-based audiology equipment.
  4. Explain why Sensitivity and Specificity for the Clinic-based audiology equipment for follow-up diagnostic testing is higher than for Portable audiology equipment for a free screening.

Identify any principles of internal control that may be violated in this medical office situation. What is an internal audit? How it is different from the external audit. Explain in detail using academic sources. What procurement strategy has the case organisation adopted? Why have they adopted this strategy? Identify the geographical strategy, their supplier base, and centralised or decentralised

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Portfolio

Instructions:
• There are four tasks to complete. Please use the number of words and marks for each task to guide you in completing the assessment.
• The portfolio should be an independent work, have clear evidence on the understanding of the relevant concepts and clarity and conciseness of written work.
• Use a reasonable range of academic sources to support your ideas wherever possible in each task using Harvard reference Style and provide a complete reference list at the end of each task.
• The number of words for each task exclude the reference list.

Task 1 [1000 words]
Jim Howe has worked for Dr Pat Dorsey for several years. Jim demonstrates a loyalty that is rare among employees. He hasn’t taken a vacation in the last three years. One of Jim’s primary duties at the medical office is to open the mail and list the cheques received. He also takes cash from patients at the cashier window as patients leave. At times it is so hectic that Jim doesn’t bother with giving each patient a receipt for the cash paid on their accounts. Instead, he assures them he will see to it that they receive the proper credit. When the traffic is slow in the office, Jim offers to help Sue post the payments to the patients’ accounts receivable. She is always happy to receive his help because he is a very conscientious worker.

Questions
• Identify any principles of internal control that may be violated in this medical office situation. (10 marks)

• What is an internal audit? How it is different from the external audit. Explain in detail using academic sources. (15 marks)

Task 2 [1000 words]
Identify an organisation from the list of companies (attached document) provided on the canvas topic whose procurement strategy and processes interest you. Ensure that you can gather relevant information to complete this task.

Question
What procurement strategy has the case organisation adopted? Why have they adopted this strategy? (10 marks) Identify the geographical strategy, their supplier base, and centralised or decentralised

Procurement sourcing strategies that can be classified into the following categories:
 number of suppliers (single, dual, and multiple sourcing);
 geographical supplier distribution (local, national, international, and global sourcing);
 centralised and decentralised strategies
 Add information of procurement sourcing strategy you found about your case organisation. You can find direct information or infer this information by looking at :
 Need of different types of material for manufacturing business might require different suppliers.
 Whether company is purchasing from local, national or international supplier. Or doing business locally, nationally or internationally. Some organisation localised production in one country, but the distribution network is global.
 Is this a large organisation with subsidiaries, independent branches locally or internationally?

• What relationship does the case organisation facilitate with their suppliers? (8 marks)

• What organisation performance objective is achieved using their procurement strategy? (7 marks)

Task 3: [1000 words]
Part (one).
• Budgeting can be an essential management tool if appropriately implemented. Identify the positive results when budgets are used properly. Conversely, since budgets affect people, identify the negative aspects if budgets are not implemented properly. (12 marks)

Part (two).
The managing director of Business Magazine Ltd has recently introduced a budgetary control system. The accountant drew up budgets for the advertising and editorial departments based on the actual results for the last three years. At the end of the first month of the new financial period, the actual income was higher than planned, but the actual total advertising department costs were higher than budgeted. However, the actual costs for the editorial department were the same as those budgeted, and the actual profit for the period was higher. On receiving the first month’s results, the managing director threatened to dismiss the advertising manager for exceeding the budgeted costs. The advertising manager responded by saying that he would resign unless the budgetary control system was scrapped. The accountant left to join another company.

Questions
• You work for the consultant firm that has been asked to advise the company. Prepare a preliminary report covering the guidelines for the operation of a successful and effective budgetary control system, including the recommendations as to what action the managing director of the client company should take. (13 marks)

A summary of the budgetary control process is as follows:
• Set budget at beginning of year. Either divide annual figures into 12 to give monthly budget amounts for every line of income and expense where costs or income are evenly spread or assess on a monthly basis.
• Record the controlling profit centre along with each of the actual financial transactions, both income and expenses by cost element
• Report actual results to profit centre managers on a monthly basis in a format that enables them to compare the actual figures to the monthly budget figures
• Identify “variances” by deducting the budget figure from the actual figure for each line of the monthly progress report (i.e. actual – budget)
• The cost centre/department manager has the responsibility to investigate the variances on his/her report to find out why they occurred, and to report the findings to senior managers/finance director/board of directors
• Act on findings – if there is an issue such as poor-quality materials or a need for staff training this needs to be taken forward. However, it may be that either the budget was set at an unrealistic level or circumstances have changed significantly since the budget was set (e.g. a hike in the price of raw materials), and it may be more appropriate to change the budget to a more accurate figure for future months
• The monthly budget report with its variances is an example of “management by exception” – management can concentrate its efforts on the problem areas highlighted, so this is an efficient use of management time.
• Fixed budget shows the planned result for a single planned level of activity
• Flexible budget shows planned results for a number of different levels of activity

Task 4 [1000 words]
Question part (a) (approx. 400-450 words  10 marks

• In part (a) of task 4 it is expected from the students to show an understanding of the ratio analysis and its interpretation plus an understanding of the financial statements elements that are profit and cash and how these are different from each other by using difference examples.

• Discuss both scenarios of profitability ratio and difference between cash and profit with relation to the case study

What legal options are open to her to bring her marriage to an end? Advise her on her options under the current law and also following the coming into force of the Divorce, Dissolution and Separation Act. What financial and property orders the court may make on divorce and how the various factors in s.25 MCA 1973 might be applied here?

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CHILD AND FAMILY LAW

ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS

Answer the following question. The overall word limit is 3,000 words.

Question 1

Eugene and Charlotte met each other in their workplace and have been married for 5 years in the UK. Both work for a fashion company. Eugene, who is 32 years of age, is an advertising consultant earning £55,000/per annum and Charlotte, who is 28 years of age, is an accountant earning £30,000/per annum. They have a son, Connor, who is 4 years old. They live in Central London in a 2 bedroom flat which they own jointly.

In December 2021, Charlotte suspected that Eugene was having an affair with a person by the name of Alex. She found out some intimate texts on Eugene’s phone showing that he had been communicating with Alex for the last 6 months. Charlotte is unsure as to the sexual identity of Alex as Eugene has been quite secretive but believes that based on the texts she did find, the relationship is of an intimate nature. Eugene has also been working late, coming home drunk and not spent time with both Charlotte and Connor. Eugene denies he is having an affair and says Alex is just a close friend that he enjoys the company of. In January 2022, Charlotte confronted Eugene again but this time, Eugene physically reacted and threw a chair at the wall. Charlotte wasn’t injured but both she and Connor were frightened.

Charlotte, who is a practicing Christian, is currently staying with her parents in North London and doesn’t want to return to her flat because she is worried that Eugene’s values conflicts with hers. She wants to raise Connor as a Christian and send him to a Catholic school near her parents’ home. She is finding it difficult to take Connor to his current school (which is non-religious) as it is quite a journey in the morning from North London to Central London where Connor’s school is. Eugene frequently comes to her parents’ house, calling and texting her but Charlotte refuses to respond as she is scared of him and doesn’t trust him.

You are a solicitor for Bell LLP and Charlotte comes to you seek legal advice on how to divorce Eugene. She specifically would like to know the following:

1. What legal options are open to her to bring her marriage to an end? Advise her on her options under the current law and also following the coming into force of the Divorce, Dissolution and Separation Act 2020.  (25 marks)

2. What financial and property orders the court may make on divorce and how the various factors in s.25 MCA 1973 might be applied here?  (35 marks)

3. What orders she could obtain to enable Connor to stay with her and the criteria which would be considered by the court in the welfare of Connor and the making of those orders?
(40 marks)

Advise Charlotte on the above issues giving justifications for your answers and quoting the relevant law.

Write an entrepreneurial management report summary that proffers solutions to the challenges faced in a health and social care organisation.

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Report Writing

a) Using a reflective framework, critically analyse management approach of Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust. Conduct your analysis through the lens of the critical functions of a manager acknowledging relevant theories of management that can be applied to enhance management capacity and improve management effectiveness. Support your analysis with examples where applicable.

b)Write an entrepreneurial management report summary that proffers solutions to the challenges faced in a health and social care organisation.

Using throughput accounting, what is the return per factory hour? What is the target cost gap for product Beta? What is the throughput accounting ratio for Paddington plc’s factory?

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Managing Organisational Performance

Answer ALL 20 questions in this section.
You must choose an answer for each MCQ. There is only ONE correct answer to each question. If you choose more than one answer to a question, you will receive no marks for your choice. You must choose an answer for each MCQ and provide a short written justification, including calculations, as needed, for your answer.
The recommended word limit for Section A is approximately 700 words.

All questions carry equal marks – two marks per question: one mark for the answer and one mark for the justification (40 marks in total).
1. The following statements have been made about life cycle costing.
1. Life cycle costing can be applied to products with a short life cycle.
2. Product life cycle costing is not well-suited for use within budgetary control systems. Which of the following statements is/are true?
a. 1 only
b. 2 only
c. Neither 1 nor 2
d. Both 1 and 2

2. Product Alpha is made in a process where machine time is a bottleneck resource. Each unit requires 0.1 machine hours. The costs and selling price of product Alpha are as follows:

  • Materials £6
  • Labour £3
  • Other factory costs £5
  • Selling Price £15

Using throughput accounting, what is the return per factory hour?
a. £60
b. £90
c. £10
d. £4

3. Given the following data has been established for product Beta, a new product in its design phase.
Product Beta target selling price £10 per unit
Target Profit 25% on cost
Current cost £8.40 per unit
What is the target cost gap for product Beta?
a. £0.40
b. £0.60
c. £0.90
d. £1.60

4. Paddington plc manufactures advanced cordless saws in a single factory. Each saw sells for £200 and the material costs £80 per unit. There is no limit to sales demand. Other production costs are £1,100,000 per year. Each saw requires the use of multiple machines of which, one machine is old and often breaks down. This means only 15,000 saws can be produced per year. The factory is open for 50 weeks of the year and operates 40 hours a week.
What is the throughput accounting ratio for Paddington plc’s factory?
a. 1.32
b. 1.53
c. 1.64
d. 2.19

5. Which of the following reasons would the choice of penetration pricing be suitable when establishing the price of a new product?
a. To discourage new entrants to the market
b. To increase the length of the initial stage of life cycle
c. To ensure the product is as profitable as possible
d. To set a price for the product to ensure it has a low elasticity of demand

6. A company is budgeting to sell 230,000 units of its product next year at a price of £15 per unit. Fixed costs will be £1,400,000 with variable costs of £8. What is the break-
even revenue and margin of safety in the budget?
a. Break even £2,700,000, margin of safety 13%
b. Break even £2,700,000, margin of safety 15%
c. Break even £3,000,000, margin of safety 13%
d. Break even £3,000,000, margin of safety 15%

7. The following budget data has been prepared for a company that manufactures four products
Alpha Beta Gamma Delta
Sales price per unit £9.00 £6.00 £4.00 £8.00
Variable cost per unit £5.50 £4.00 £2.20 £4.00
Budget sales units 20,000 25,000 50,000 12,500
Direct labour hours per unit
0.5 hr 0.25 hr 0.30 hr 0.8 hr

The total number of direct labour hours available is 24,000 hours. Which products should it make and sell in the period?
a. Alpha, Beta and Gamma
b. Alpha, Beta and Delta
c. Alpha and Beta only
d. Alpha and Delta only

8. The main purpose of sensitivity analysis is to:
a. predict the outcome of future events in an uncertain situation
b. determine the worst possible outcome in a set situation
c. understand how different assumptions and variables impact each other
d. gain insight into how critical certain assumptions or variables are

9. Dig Ltd has been requested by a customer to help with some garden landscaping. The material which needs to be used and available information is as follows:
Amount required
Amount in stock
Historic price per kg
Current Price per kg
Scrap Value per kg
Cotswold stone 500 300 £12 £15 £5
Green slate 200 200 £24 £20 £8

The Cotswold stone is regularly used in projects by the company but the green slate is no longer used and has no alternative use. What is the relevant cost of material for this job?
a. £5,200
b. £8,400
c. £9,100
d. £10,800

10. A company is deciding which project to go ahead with from the following four mutually exclusive projects. The profit output depends on the strength of the economy.
Strong economy
Moderate economy
Weak economy
Project A £70,000 £10,000 (£7,000)
Project B £40,000 £21,000 £5,000
Project C £50,000 £20,000 (£6,000)
Project D £25,000 £12,000 £5,000
Probability of outlook 10% 40% 50%

Which project offers the highest expected value?
a. Project A
b. Project B
c. Project C
d. Project D

11. Extracts from the flexible budgets of a manufacturing company are as follows.
Quantity to produce 5,000 units 9,000 units
Materials costs £50,000 £90,000
Labour costs £55,000 £79,000
Production costs £80,000 £80,000

What would be the total expenditure incurred when 6,000 units are produced?
a. £259,000
b. £248,000
c. £230,000
d. £233,000

12. The following statements have been made about zero based budgeting.
(1) The zero-based budgeting process seeks to identify long term benefits and improvements, even if they are sometimes made at the expense of short-term profitability.
(2) A restriction on the use of zero-based budgeting is that management do not always have the skills to apply it. Which of the above statements is/are true?
a. 1 only
b. 2 only
c. Neither 1 nor 2
d. Both 1 and 2

13. The following statements have been made about planning and operational variances.
(1) No one may accept responsibility for planning variances.
(2) It is usually easy to identify in retrospect what prices and quantities were, but not nearly so easy to identify what they should have been. Which of the above statements is/are true?
a. 1 only
b. 2 only
c. Neither 1 nor 2
d. Both 1 and 2

14. ‘Beyond Budgeting’ is considered an alternative to traditional budgeting as a result of criticisms of traditional budgeting. Which of the following is NOT a criticism of traditional budgeting?
a. Budgets protect rather than reduce costs
b. Budgets focus on sales targets rather than customer satisfaction
c. Managers do not give budgeting enough of their time
d. Budgets discourage innovation and initiative