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Identify a word with two examples of lateral articulations. Transcribe it in Standard South British English. Explain the mechanism of lateral articulation.

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Assessment Information/Brief

Assessment Information/Brief 2019-20
To be used for all types of assessment and provided to students at the start of the module. Information provided should be compatible with the detail contained in the approved module specification although may contain more information for clarity. Module title Sounds of English.
Assessment title Coursework Exercises
Weighting within module
This assessment is worth 40% of the overall module mark.
Submission deadline date and time

Module Leader/Assessment set by
How to submit You should submit your assessment
via Turnitin on the module’s ‘Assessment’ page on its
Blackboard site.
Assessment task details and instructions
Answer all the following questions. The total number of marks available is 100. You should give examples to illustrate your answers wherever possible.
1. Identify a word with two examples of lateral articulations. Transcribe it in Standard South British English. Explain the mechanism of lateral articulation. [5 marks] 2. Explain the three identifiable stages of the production of stops (plosives). Which stage is the only compulsory of stage of the production of a stop in connected speech? What are the conditions in which one of the stages could be missing? [10 marks]

Assessment Information/Brief
3. When The Great British Bake Off was broadcast on the BBC, one of its judges, Mary Berry, was often the subject of impersonations which focussed on her pronunciation of the word ‘layer’. Watch some examples of this phenomenon here: https://metro.co.uk/video/how-pronounce-layer-1336980/?ito=vjs-link. Identify the phonetic process that Mary’s pronunciation illustrates and explain how it occurs. [15 marks] 4. Explain what you understand by the following terms. Write about 100 words for each response. [5 marks each = 25 marks] a. Amplitude. b. Speech gestures. c. Velic closure. d. Period. e. VOT 5. Write short notes explaining and exemplifying all of the following. You should write about 100 words for each. [5 marks each = 25 marks

a. Phoneme b. Feature c. [ATR] d. Natural class e. Coronal 6. Explain the syllabification of the word ‘classification’. You should use your answer to explain what you know about all aspects of syllable theory, paying particular attention to the status of [s]. [20 marks]
END OF ASSIGNMENT
Assessed intended learning outcomes
On successful completion of this assessment, you will be able to:
Knowledge and Understanding

1 demonstrate a coherent understanding and detailed knowledge of key issues and techniques in contemporary phonological theory;

2. analyze primary phonological data from different varieties of English;

3. compare arguments and evaluate theoretical hypotheses in contemporary phonological theory;

4. apply core theoretical concepts to the analysis of variable linguistic data

Assessment Information/Brief
Transferable Skills and other Attributes

5. develop advanced literacy, communication, and analytic skills; 6. use information technology and bibliographic skills appropriate to the discipline; 7. manage their own learning in order to meet deadlines and act upon feedback; 8. employ problem-solving strategies
Module Aims

1. To introduce students to concepts, principles and techniques of current phonological theory, with illustration, where appropriate, from cross-linguistic data;

2. To enable students to analyse phonological data from any variety of English;

3. To develop students’ ability to evaluate evidence and hypotheses relating to phonological structure;

4. To develop the students’ understanding of the importance of theoretical concepts in the study of linguistic variation.
Word count/ duration (if applicable)
There is no overall word limit. Any subsection length guidelines are given in the assessment task details section above.
You will receive written feedback on your written submission, as well as model answers if appropriate.
Formative feedback will be given verbally during seminars as we work through the set exercises.
Support arrangements You can obtain support for this assessment by:

• Checking for the appropriate information on Blackboard

• Attending office hours (1-3pm every Thursday in Crescent House 200f) ask Us The University offers a range of support services for students through askUS.
Good Academic Conduct and Academic Misconduct Students are expected to learn and demonstrate skills associated with good academic conduct (academic integrity). Good academic conduct includes the use of clear and correct referencing of source materials. Here is a link to where you can find out more about the skills which students require http://www.salford.ac.uk/skills-for-learning. Academic Misconduct is an action which may give you an unfair advantage in your academic work. This includes plagiarism, asking someone else to write your assessment for you or taking notes into an exam. The University takes all forms of academic misconduct seriously.

Assessment Information/Brief
You can find out how to avoid academic misconduct here https://www.salford.ac.uk/skills-forlearning.
Assessment Information If you have any questions about assessment rules, you can find out more here.
Personal Mitigating Circumstances If personal mitigating circumstances may have affected your ability to complete this assessment, you can find more information about personal mitigating circumstances procedure here.
Personal Tutor/Student Progression Administrator If you have any concerns about your studies, contact your Personal Tutor or your Student Progression Administrator.
Assessment Criteria Explain how students can find information about assessment criteria.
You should look at the assessment criteria to find out what we are specifically looking at during the assessment.
In Year Retrieval Scheme Your assessment is not eligible for in year retrieval.

What are the possible physiological mechanisms behind the changes observed? Does the intervention affect the patient’s quality of life or performance in activities of daily living?

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Write the pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation, Hypercholesterolemia, and Hypertension.
For each topic I want:
• Description of the condition (the pathophysiology)
• possible causes
• incidence
• physical and/or physical and/or mental impairments and disabilities related to the condition.
• Details should be given on medical and exercise interventions.
• Provide a brief justification for the use of each intervention.
For this part: 3 pages divide it over atrial fibrillation and hypertension, and 1 page Hypercholesterolemia.

For the discussion discuss the potential/real beneficial effects of exercise intervention for each one atrial fibrillation, Hypercholesterolemia, and Hypertension:
• Which system (i.e. sensory, motor, cardiovascular, etc.) is improved after the intervention?
• What are the possible physiological mechanisms behind the changes observed?
• Are there scientific evidences to support the use of the chosen intervention?
• Does the intervention affect the patient’s quality of life or performance in activities of daily living?
For this part: divide it over 4 pages because for atrial fibrillation and Hypertension exercise intervention might be the same.

What are some challenges or issues that should be considered before a project team implements a blog or a wiki?

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These questions are intended to provoke in-depth thinking about Project Management. As a candidate of project management, you should expand on the material that you researched through the course in addressing the discussions and assignments. Based on that knowledge, you should express your own perspective on the exam topics supported with examples, illustrations, commentaries, etc. – in other words, demonstrate integrative knowledge.

I expect to see, on average, at least 600-700 words for each answer (a minimum of about a page, single spaced or two pages, double spaced (not including references). In your responses use appropriate and properly cited references.

Respond to the following questions:

  1. As a project manager, choosing the appropriate project-oriented development process is an important decision. What criteria should you consider when making this decision – specifically when deciding between applying the waterfall and agile methodologies. This should include examples of products and/or case studies using material found in textbooks and/or other public sources. Be sure to cite all sources used and appropriately cite direct quotes.
  2. Social software are relatively new but widely known sources of information that can provide new opportunities for managing projects that may not be covered in published textbooks. What are some challenges or issues that should be considered before a project team implements a blog or a wiki? Research appropriate examples existing on the Web and refer to them to illustrate your analysis of the potential of these sources of Project Management knowledge.
  3. Offshoring continues to be a controversial business topic, especially with the economic downturns and local resistance to the globalization of business (e.g., protests against the World Trade Organization, union calls for protection of jobs, political positions, etc.). Using open sources of information, find and research three relevant issues and sources of information on offshoring. Cite your sources and articulate your interpretation of the issues identified as they impact Project Management practices.
  4. Describe an ethical dilemma that a project team member might face while being part of an IT project. Discuss how the project manager could aid in avoiding or resolving such a dilemma. Discuss where this dilemma falls within PMI codes. What are the potential effects on the project should the situation goes unresolved?

What will happen at the restaurant? What can you do next to repair the offense without your boss losing face?

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There are two short essays that needed to be done ESSAY 1:
You are part of the National Swedish energy Bureau and a Nigerian conglomerate wants to get a contract for drilling your oil.
How can you refuse a bribe without offending the Nigerian’s conglomerate CEO who is very close to this deal nor losing the deal with the Nigerian company: 10 lines 5 points

ESSAY 2:
You are American and your boss insists that you and him take your Japanese client to a fast food to promote the American way of life when the Japanese client took you to the best restaurant in Tokyo.

What will happen at the restaurant?
What can you do next to repair the offense without your boss losing face? 5 points

What are the realist and liberal perspectives on international relations? How do the different perceptions of the basic nature of mankind effect the beliefs of a realist and a liberal?

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International Trade Law

  1. What are the realist and liberal perspectives on international relations? How do the different perceptions of the basic nature of mankind effect the beliefs of a realist and a liberal? (350-400) words
  2. What is forum shopping and how does it impact international litigation? What contractual provisions can be included in a contract to prevent conduct that creates the need to forum shop? (350-400)
  3. Under the law of the Convention on Contracts for the International Sales of Goods (CISG) what are the duties of a buyer of goods upon delivery of a shipment from the seller? What is the policy behind these duties which are required by the buyer? Also, what are the duties of a seller of goods under the CISG? (350-400)
  4. If you were to set up an e-commerce website what contract law features would you incorporate into your website? Please explain the reasoning behind your choices. (350-400)
  5. Consider international labor law. The Covid-19 virus is presenting many challenges for employers and employees. In the present environment – based on labor law practices in each region – if you were an employer which region of the world would you like to have a business Asia, the United States or Europe? Based on labor law practices if you were an employee which region of the world would you like to have a job Asia, the United States or Europe?  (350-400)

 

 

Provide background information on the business of the company, like when was the company started, what is their business etc. Make sure to provide citations. Describe any unusual events.

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4/16/2020 Assignments Overview
file:///C:/Users/Clifaude/AppData/Local/Temp/Temp1_notabs-page-annualreportguide.html.zip/notabs-page-annualreportguide.html 1/4
Annual Report Project Guidelines To begin assessing the quality of a company’s financial statements, think specifically about:
1. The types of underlying transactions and events that effect the company,

2. How well the financial accounting model (i.e. generally accepted accounting principals “GAAP”) reflects those transactions and events.

3. The aggressiveness or conservatism or management’s account choices,

4. How well the annual report helps you assess the company’s risks, financial position, earnings, etc.

Guidelines Your written report should demonstrate that you have a complete understanding of the issues you discuss. It is essential that your report be thorough. Read, review and analyze your company and determine what needs and should be reviewed. Ask brokerage firms for their analyst’s reports and check the Internet for any analyst of your company. Explain whether it is reasonable for an item to apply to your company. If an item does not apply to your company, you should state so explicitly. Make sure your notes on the financial statements provide adequate and understandable information about the accounting policies, assumptions, risks and transactions. Finally, your report should contain professional terminology as well as proper grammar and spelling. Please don’t CUT and PASTE from web sites or annual reports. Instructions Follow the format below while creating your Financial Ratios project. You should write in a professional manner. All items should be parsed as if they were going to be reviewed by an executive at a financial institution. Follow APA or MLA style of writing and provide proper citations.
Introduction:

In 1-2 pages, describe what your original strategy was in choosing your company and the strengths that you saw when you did so. Provide background information on the business of the company, like when was the company started, what is their business etc. Make sure to provide citations. Describe any unusual events.

Financial Ratios:

Create a professional presentation of all of the information you have gathered on your company. Please keep in mind this is a professional presentation; therefore, matching fonts, styles, and readability will be considered in your grade. Make sure to provide citations.
Prospectus: In 4-5 pages or more, you will write a thorough analysis of the company’s financial ratios. The report should include an analysis of the types of transactions and events that affect the company, the company’s accounting choices, trends in profitability, and a balance sheet analysis etc. Analyze at least 5 financial ratios to evaluate the financial health of the company you have chosen. Suggest what should be done to improve the performance in future.
4/16/2020 Assignments Overview
file:///C:/Users/Clifaude/AppData/Local/Temp/Temp1_notabs-page-annualreportguide.html.zip/notabs-page-annualreportguide.html 2/4
Submit your Ratio Analysis Project report no later than 11:59 pm CT on last Saturday. Common Questions Listed below are common questions to address in your project. Financial Ratios Calculate each of the basic following financial statement ratios for each of the last two years. Is there a trend? If there are other ratios that you believe apply to your company, include those ratios also. Please be sure to provide the details of your computations.
Stockholder Profitability Earning per share (EPS) Price/earnings ratio (P/E) Profitability Gross profit margin Return on total assets Profit Margin Return on stockholders’ equity (ROE) Liquidity Current ratio Quick or acid test ratio Cash flow from operations to sales Stability Debt ratio Times interest earned Book value per common share
Unusual events Describe all significant unusual or nonrecurring items during any of the fiscal years. How significant was the impact on the earnings? Did these items have a significant effect on the profitability ratios? Are these items likely to occur again in the future? Why or why not? Transaction and Recognition Methods Describe the company’s revenue transaction and recognition methods. Are the timing or cash receipts from customers different than the timing of revenue recognition? Are there any uncertainties about the collectibles of customer receivables? What is the likelihood of significant product returns by customers? Trends in bad debt allowances? Business risks associated with estimates? Concentrations of revenues to one business or industry? Footnote disclosures that are of concern? Inventory Describe inventory and related costs. What types of inventory are included in the balance sheet? Working in process, finished inventory? Identify inventory valuation methods and are they reasonable for this type of business? Effect on balance sheet if inventory method changed or if business showed down.
4/16/2020 Assignments Overview
file:///C:/Users/Clifaude/AppData/Local/Temp/Temp1_notabs-page-annualreportguide.html.zip/notabs-page-annualreportguide.html 3/4
Property Describe the major types of property, plant and equipment (PP&E). What depreciation methods are used and are they current (life of the asset?). Are these assets undervalued or overvalued on the balance sheet? The nature of the company’s assets. Effects on the balance sheet if these assets were carried by a different deprecation method. Do you agree with management’s deprecation method? Should it be changed? Can it be changed? Business risk’s associated with the company’s assets. Should there be a more aggressive or less aggressive write down of impaired assets? Intangibles What are the major types of intangibles? Are all of them on the balance sheet? What does research and development, advertising or other types of intangibles look like? Collateral Are any of the company’s assets pledged as collateral? If they are, please explain, if they are not, why not? If they are is the company in compliance with its covenants? Contingencies What are the company’s contingencies and commitments? Any off balance sheet leases? How does the company accrue for its liabilities? Any significant litigation? What is your opinion of management? Use of estimates in contingent liabilities? What would be the impact if the company were unsuccessful in defending claims against it? Warranty Liabilities Are product warranty liabilities are overstated or understated? Does the company have product warranties? Does it have insurance against a claim? Warranty Costs? And are they accounted for? Pension plans Describe the types of pension plans and other post-employment plans. Are the plans over-funded or under-funded? Any liabilities from the pension fund not stated? Or potential asset’s in pension fund? Taxes What is the company’s effective tax rate? Major sources of deferred income assets or liabilities? Some analysts believe deferred taxes should be omitted from the company’s balance sheet. What impact would this have on your company? Assets and Liabilities What are the company’s current assets and current liabilities? Have you done a ratio analysis and if so what is your opinion of management’s use of its current assets and liabilities? Cash Flow What are the company’s major sources and uses of cash? What are the company’s operating cash flows? Balance Sheet Analysis
4/16/2020 Assignments Overview
file:///C:/Users/Clifaude/AppData/Local/Temp/Temp1_notabs-page-annualreportguide.html.zip/notabs-page-annualreportguide.html 4/4
What does the balance sheet tell you? Is the company managing its assets and liabilities? What would you do differently? Even if this is a large or publicly traded company, management may not be running it correctly. Market Value/Book Value Compare the market value of the stock with its book value. What does this comparison suggest about the accounting valuation of the assets and liabilities? Income Statement Analysis Do the reported revenues and expenses appear to fairly represent the results of the revenue producing activities and are the costs associated with those activities? Why or why not? Be sure to consider your earlier evaluation of management accounting practices. 4/16/2020 Assignments Overview
file:///C:/Users/Clifaude/AppData/Local/Temp/Temp1_notabs-page-annualreportguide.html.zip/notabs-page-annualreportguide.html 1/4
Annual Report Project Guidelines To begin assessing the quality of a company’s financial statements, think specifically about:
1. The types of underlying transactions and events that effect the company, 2. How well the financial accounting model (i.e. generally accepted accounting principals “GAAP”) reflects those transactions and events 3. The aggressiveness or conservatism or management’s account choices, 4. How well the annual report helps you assess the company’s risks, financial position, earnings, etc. Guidelines Your written report should demonstrate that you have a complete understanding of the issues you discuss. It is essential that your report be thorough. Read, review and analyze your company and determine what needs and should be reviewed. Ask brokerage firms for their analyst’s reports and check the Internet for any analyst of your company. Explain whether it is reasonable for an item to apply to your company. If an item does not apply to your company, you should state so explicitly. Make sure your notes on the financial statements provide adequate and understandable information about the accounting policies, assumptions, risks and transactions. Finally, your report should contain professional terminology as well as proper grammar and spelling. Please don’t CUT and PASTE from web sites or annual reports. Instructions Follow the format below while creating your Financial Ratios project. You should write in a professional manner. All items should be parsed as if they were going to be reviewed by an executive at a financial institution. Follow APA or MLA style of writing and provide proper citations.
Introduction: In 1-2 pages, describe what your original strategy was in choosing your company and the strengths that you saw when you did so. Provide background information on the business of the company, like when was the company started, what is their business etc. Make sure to provide citations. Describe any unusual events.
Financial Ratios: Create a professional presentation of all of the information you have gathered on your company. Please keep in mind this is a professional presentation; therefore, matching fonts, styles, and readability will be considered in your grade. Make sure to provide citations.
Prospectus: In 4-5 pages or more, you will write a thorough analysis of the company’s financial ratios. The report should include an analysis of the types of transactions and events that affect the company, the company’s accounting choices, trends in profitability, and a balance sheet analysis etc. Analyze at least 5 financial ratios to evaluate the financial health of the company you have chosen. Suggest what should be done to improve the performance in future.
4/16/2020 Assignments Overview
file:///C:/Users/Clifaude/AppData/Local/Temp/Temp1_notabs-page-annualreportguide.html.zip/notabs-page-annualreportguide.html 2/4
Submit your Ratio Analysis Project report no later than 11:59 pm CT on last Saturday. Common Questions Listed below are common questions to address in your project. Financial Ratios Calculate each of the basic following financial statement ratios for each of the last two years. Is there a trend? If there are other ratios that you believe apply to your company, include those ratios also. Please be sure to provide the details of your computations.
Stockholder Profitability Earning per share (EPS) Price/earnings ratio (P/E) Profitability Gross profit margin Return on total assets Profit Margin Return on stockholders’ equity (ROE) Liquidity Current ratio Quick or acid test ratio Cash flow from operations to sales Stability Debt ratio Times interest earned Book value per common share
Unusual events Describe all significant unusual or nonrecurring items during any of the fiscal years. How significant was the impact on the earnings? Did these items have a significant effect on the profitability ratios? Are these items likely to occur again in the future? Why or why not? Transaction and Recognition Methods Describe the company’s revenue transaction and recognition methods. Are the timing or cash receipts from customers different than the timing of revenue recognition? Are there any uncertainties about the collectibles of customer receivables? What is the likelihood of significant product returns by customers? Trends in bad debt allowances? Business risks associated with estimates? Concentrations of revenues to one business or industry? Footnote disclosures that are of concern? Inventory Describe inventory and related costs. What types of inventory are included in the balance sheet? Working in process, finished inventory? Identify inventory valuation methods and are they reasonable for this type of business? Effect on balance sheet if inventory method changed or if business showed down.
4/16/2020 Assignments Overview
file:///C:/Users/Clifaude/AppData/Local/Temp/Temp1_notabs-page-annualreportguide.html.zip/notabs-page-annualreportguide.html 3/4
Property Describe the major types of property, plant and equipment (PP&E). What depreciation methods are used and are they current (life of the asset?). Are these assets undervalued or overvalued on the balance sheet? The nature of the company’s assets. Effects on the balance sheet if these assets were carried by a different deprecation method. Do you agree with management’s deprecation method? Should it be changed? Can it be changed? Business risk’s associated with the company’s assets. Should there be a more aggressive or less aggressive write down of impaired assets? Intangibles What are the major types of intangibles? Are all of them on the balance sheet? What does research and development, advertising or other types of intangibles look like? Collateral Are any of the company’s assets pledged as collateral? If they are, please explain, if they are not, why not? If they are is the company in compliance with its covenants? Contingencies What are the company’s contingencies and commitments? Any off balance sheet leases? How does the company accrue for its liabilities? Any significant litigation? What is your opinion of management? Use of estimates in contingent liabilities? What would be the impact if the company were unsuccessful in defending claims against it? Warranty Liabilities Are product warranty liabilities are overstated or understated? Does the company have product warranties? Does it have insurance against a claim? Warranty Costs? And are they accounted for? Pension plans Describe the types of pension plans and other post-employment plans. Are the plans over-funded or under-funded? Any liabilities from the pension fund not stated? Or potential asset’s in pension fund? Taxes What is the company’s effective tax rate? Major sources of deferred income assets or liabilities? Some analysts believe deferred taxes should be omitted from the company’s balance sheet. What impact would this have on your company? Assets and Liabilities What are the company’s current assets and current liabilities? Have you done a ratio analysis and if so what is your opinion of management’s use of its current assets and liabilities? Cash Flow What are the company’s major sources and uses of cash? What are the company’s operating cash flows? Balance Sheet Analysis
4/16/2020 Assignments Overview
file:///C:/Users/Clifaude/AppData/Local/Temp/Temp1_notabs-page-annualreportguide.html.zip/notabs-page-annualreportguide.html 4/4
What does the balance sheet tell you? Is the company managing its assets and liabilities? What would you do differently? Even if this is a large or publicly traded company, management may not be running it correctly. Market Value/Book Value Compare the market value of the stock with its book value. What does this comparison suggest about the accounting valuation of the assets and liabilities? Income Statement Analysis Do the reported revenues and expenses appear to fairly represent the results of the revenue producing activities and are the costs associated with those activities? Why or why not? Be sure to consider your earlier evaluation of management accounting practices.

Identify and discuss an item of personal property that you plan to purchase within the next 12 months.

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Identify and discuss an item of personal property that you plan to purchase within the next 12 months. Write a short response talking about what the item is and what your plans are to fund the purchase. If you expect to borrow the money needed to make the acquisition, discuss how the use of credit can be secured using the item as collateral.

Using scholarly material, explain how Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems mitigate risk and assist in organizational decision making.

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Using scholarly material, explain how Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems mitigate risk and assist in organizational decision making. In addition, explain why mitigating risk and making better decisions are essential to operational efficiency. Also, discuss how ERP is helping to manage projects better. Remember to support your statements with factual information (i.e., attribution/citations). In addition, material from the course textbook or the textbook’s author(s) cannot comprise more than 25% of the sourced and/or quoted material.

The paper must follow the formatting guidelines in The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (2010), (6th ed., 7th printing), and contain a title page, five scholarly references, three to five pages of content, and a reference page. In addition, the paper will be submitted through the Turnitin originality-checking tool. More APA assistance can be found at the Purdue University Online Writing Lab (Links to an external site.) (Links to an external site.). In addition, the WilmU Student Success Center’s website (Links to an external site.) (Links to an external site.) contains more resources related to APA Formatting, Grammar, and Research Writing.

How does the instruction and assessment meet the developmental needs of students and strengthen future instructional decisions?

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The anticipatory set is an essential element of lesson planning. What are the benefits of incorporating this element into your lesson?

Professional growth in developing effective lessons and lesson plans comes with practice. This assignment provides the opportunity to connect the multiple elements of lesson planning into a single document.
For this benchmark, use the “COE Lesson Plan Template” to create a standards-based lesson plan for a K-8 grade level. Complete all sections of the lesson plan template. You may use previous work from this course as a starting point for this lesson plan, incorporating feedback received from your mentor teacher.
Your lesson plan should include the following:
Classroom and Student Factors/Grouping: Summarize the “Class Profile” and use this information to direct the differentiation throughout the lesson plan.
National/State Learning Standards: May be based on the standard selected for the Topic 2 assignment.
Specific Learning Target(s)/Objectives: Objective written in Topic 2 to inform this section may be used.
Academic Language: List any vocabulary students will need to learn for full understanding of the lesson.
Resources, Materials, Equipment, and Technology: Lesson must integrate digital tools and resources into the instruction and assessments.
Anticipatory Set: Include pre-assessment or required knowledge student will need to be prepared to learn.
Multiple Means of Representation: Include at least two of the models or strategies previously discussed, along with a thorough explanation of how the chosen model/strategy would apply to the lesson. The Topic 4 assignment may be used to inform this section.
Multiple Means of Engagement: Topic 5 assignment may be used to inform this section. Specify how instruction would be adapted to diverse students, based on an understanding of how elementary students differ in their development and approaches to learning.
Multiple Means of Expression: Include formative and summative assessments to plan, evaluate, and strengthen your instruction. Include technology resources in at least one assessment. Label each assessment as formative or summative as indicated in the lesson plan template.
Extension Activity and/or Homework: Topic 5 assignment may be used to inform this section.
Rationale/Reflection: In 250-500 words, answer the following questions:
How do the instructional models you chose for the lesson meet the diverse learning needs of the students on the “Class Profile”?
How does the instruction and assessment meet the developmental needs of students and strengthen future instructional decisions?
How do the technological resources you selected engage students and support your assessment practices?
Support your reflection with 2-3 resources.
Please use the template. Thank you so much.

Evaluate the stability of external quality control sample which is distributed by an external quality assessment laboratory.

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 Project Title:

literature review of stability and frequency of quality control samples (12000 words

Brief:

One of the main quality assessment methods in a medical laboratory is External Quality Assessment schemes (EQA). The leading EQA provider in the UK is the UK NEQAS (the United Kingdom National External Quality Assessment Service) that provides EQA schemes, particularly in laboratories and related disciplines across the UK. EQA use in describing a method that facilitates the comparison of laboratory testing quality to an outside laboratory source. Participation in EQA programs provides valuable information that allows for the comparison of results and performance among various test sites. EQA provides advance warnings for any systemic problems related to operations or kits. It additionally includes evidence about testing quality and indicates areas which require improvement. EQA assists in ensuring that customers, including health authorities, patients and physicians that a laboratory is capable of producing reliable results. EQA participation is essential in helping the evaluation of the reliability of materials, methods and equipment along with evaluation and monitoring training impact. There are Several EQA methods or processes are commonly used. These include:  Proficiency testing—external provider sends unknown samples for testing to a set of laboratories, and the results of all laboratories are analysed, compared and reported to the laboratories. Unknown sample, which is External Quality Control Sample sending by an external provider. Chemical stability of control sample molecules is a matter of great concern as it affects the accuracy and efficacy of the test. The requirement of stability testing data to understand how the quality of a control substance and product changes with time under the influence of various factors. Knowledge of the stability of the molecule helps in selecting proper formulation and package as well as providing adequate storage conditions and shelf life, which is essential for regulatory documentation. The stability of sample does not mean “fix” or “not likely change”, but it means “controlled and acceptable change”. Stability testing is performed for the welfare of the patient and to protect the reputation of the producer, as a requirement of regulatory agencies to provide data that may be of value in formulation of other product.

Forced degradation can be studied to determine the stability of the molecule, and it is a process that involves degradation of sample control products and control substances at conditions more severe than accelerated conditions and thus generates degradation products. Although forced degradation studies are a regulatory requirement and scientific necessity during control or test development, it is not considered as a requirement for a formal stability program. Such application is expected to contain a “full description of the sample substance including its physical and chemical characteristics and stability as well; such specifications and analytical methods are necessary to assure the identity, strength, quality, purity and bioavailability of control product and stability data with a proposed expiration date.This review provides a proposal on the literature of control sample stability and its application for the development of the frequency. Accordingly, the purpose of this write-up is to suggest a proper frequency for the EQA sample that should meet the quality requirements. Some other aspects, like suitability of monthly or quarterly frequency of biochemistry analytes, should be covered.

The discussion also touches upon various critical issues, such as the cost of the EQA scheme and how the proper frequency can play a role on the budget which are important with respect to the development of quality.

 

What is the purpose of the project?

1- evaluate the stability of external quality control sample which is distributed by an external quality assessment laboratory.

2- assess the appropriateness of the frequency or infrequency of external quality assessment samples for quality assurance of laboratories.

3- determine the effect of the frequency of EQA and evaluate of performance may have on patient result accuracy and reliability.

4-detect the area of improvement and the impact of frequency on laboratory performance which will make beneficial to lab result in term of quality and reliable service.

OBJECTIVE OF STABILITY STUDIES

Stability study is demonstrating the shelf life and storage condition of the control product

-to provide evidence from the literature on how much quality of a control sample with time under the influence of the variety of environmental factor and storage condition such as temperature, humidity and light.

-The study can also provide information about the degradation pathway of

products that could form during storage.

– demonstrate the stability indicating the power of the analytical procedures applied.

What are the planned or desired outcomes?

– evaluate the stability of the EQA sample.

– evaluate the accuracy of the controls upon stability-evaluate the frequency or infrequency of some laboratory analytical external quality assessment send out to laboratories for analysis based on stability of EQA sample
– detect the area of improvement and the impact of frequency on laboratory performance.
-suggest a proper frequency for the EQA sample depend on the control stability