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What problem of cardiac output might ensue if the heart beats too fast for an extended period, that is, if tachycardia occurs? After running to catch a bus, Josh noticed that his heart was beating faster than normal and was pounding forcefully. What can increase both HR and SV?

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Kinesiology; human anatomy

Discuss route of blood flow from arteries to veins

  • Discuss the structure of blood vessels and capillaries

Learning Objectives

Introduction to Anatomy

  • Explain the route of blood flow from arteries, to capillaries to veins
  • Be able to identify and name the different layers of blood vessels
  • Explain the different types of capillaries

Describe the structural and functional properties of cardiac muscle and explain how it differs from skeletal muscle.

For each of the following, state whether it applies to skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, or both:

  1. refractory period is almost as long as the contraction
  2. source of Ca2+ for contraction is only SR
  3. has troponin
  4. has triads
  5. has better capacity for aerobic respiration

Quick Quiz

For each of the following, state whether it applies to skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, or both:

  1. refractory period is almost as long as the contraction cardiac
  2. source of Ca2+ for contraction is only SR skeletal
  3. has troponin cardiac & skeletal
  4. has triads skeletal
  5. has better capacity for aerobic respiration cardiac

Quick Quiz

Answer the following questions:

  1. Intercalated discs consist of ___________ and________.
  1. Cardiac muscle has _____________ (greater/fewer) mitochondria per cell than skeletal muscle
  1. Find the terminal cisternae on this picture:

Quick Quiz

Name the components of the intrinsic conduction system of the heart, and trace the conduction pathway.

  • Describe the extrinsic innervation of the heart
  • Answer the following questions:
  1. Intercalated discs consist of desmosomes and gap junctions.
  1. Cardiac muscle has greater (greater/fewer) mitochondria per cell than skeletal muscle
  1. Find the terminal cisternae on this picture: exist

Describe the timing and events of the cardiac cycle

Describe normal heart sounds

Match the pictures on the left with the phases of the cardiac cycle on the right:

Quick Quiz

  1. Ventricular filling
  • Match the pictures on the left with the phases of the cardiac cycle on the right:

Quick Quiz

  1. Ventricular filling

b

c

a

  • Heart produces sounds that can be correlated to its cycle

– Basic rhythm of the heart is “lub-dup”

  • First sound “lub” represents closing of atrioventricular valves
  • Second sound”dup” represents closing of semilunar valves Heart Sounds
  • What is the function of the papillary muscles and chordae tendineae?
  • What are the four stages of the cardiac cycle? Which stage marks the shift from systole to diastole?
  • The second heart sound is associated with the closing of which valve(s)?

Quick Quiz

  • What is the function of the papillary muscles and chordae tendineae?

P-muscles tighten CT; prevents prolapse of AV valves

  • What are the four stages of the cardiac cycle? Which stage marks the shift from systole to diastole?

Ventricular filling, IV-contraction, ventricular ejection and IV-relaxation; momentary period between ventricular ejection and IV-relaxation

  • The second heart sound is associated with the closing of which valve(s)?

Closing of semilunar valves at beginning of diastole

Quick Quiz

Cardiac Output: Stroke

Volume & Heart Rate

Cardiac Cycle Regulation

  • Name and explain the effects of various factors regulating stroke volume and heart rate.
  • Discuss the origin(s) of imbalances in cardiac output
  • What problem of cardiac output might ensue if the heart beats too fast for an extended period, that is, if tachycardia occurs?
  • After running to catch a bus, Josh noticed that his heart was beating faster than normal and was pounding forcefully. What can increase both HR and SV?

Quick Quiz

  • What problem of cardiac output might ensue if the heart beats too fast for an extended period, that is, if tachycardia occurs?

Time for ventricular filling decreases, which eventually decreases end diastolic volume (preload), stroke volume and ultimately cardiac output

  • After running to catch a bus, Josh noticed that his heart was beating faster than normal and was pounding forcefully. What can increase both HR and contractility?